Description

SPECFEM3D_GLOBE simulates global and regional (continental-scale) seismic wave propagation.

Effects due to lateral variations in compressional-wave speed, shear-wave speed, density, a 3D crustal model, ellipticity, topography and bathymetry, the oceans, rotation, and self-gravitation are all included.

The version 7.0 release offers GPU graphics card support for both OpenCL and CUDA hardware accelerators, based on an automatic source-to-source transformation library (Videau et al. 2013). It offers additional support for ADIOS file I/O formats and contains important bug fixes related to 3D topography and geographic/geocentric transformations. Seismogram file names adapt a new naming convention, with better compatibility to the seismogram specifications by the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS).

The version embeds non-blocking MPI communications and includes several performance improvements in mesher and solver. It provides a perfectly load-balanced mesh for 3D mantle models honoring shallow oceanic Moho (depths less than 15 km) and deep continental Moho (depths greater than 35 km). It also accommodates European crustal models EPcrust (Molinari & Morelli, 2011) and EuCrust07 (Tesauro et al., 2008), which may be combined with global crustal model Crust2.0. Sedimentary wavespeeds are superimposed on the mesh if sediment thickness exceeds 2 km.

Additional new model routines are provided for the Comprehensive Earth Model (CEM) project, generic point-profile models (PPM) and Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre based models (GLL), with complementary tools for postprocessing adjoint sensitivity kernels and gradient-based model updates. The structure of the software has been simplified to facilitate easier implementation of new 3D models. The code accommodates general moment tensor files, and provides complete information in the SAC headers, as explained in detail in the updated user manual. New matrix-matrix multiplication routines, adapted from the book of Deville et al. (2002), and loop-vectorization help reduce the total number of memory accesses performed in each spectral element and improve code vectorization, thus enhance numerical performance of the version.

Cite as

Komatitsch, D.; Vilotte, J.-P.; Tromp, J.; Afanasiev, M.; Bozdag, E.; Charles, J.; Chen, M.; Goddeke, D.; Hjorleifsdottir, V.; Labarta, J.; Le Goff, N.; Le Loher, P.; Liu, Q.; Maggi, A.; Martin, R.; McRitchie, D.; Messmer, P.; Michea, D.; Nissen-Meyer, T.; Peter, D.; Rietmann, M.; de Andrade, S.; Savage, B.; Schuberth, B.; Siemenski, A.; Strand, L.; Tape, C.; Xie, Z.; Zhu, H. (2015), SPECFEM3D GLOBE v7.0.0 [software], Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics, Available from: geodynamics.org, doi: NoDOI, url: https://geodynamics.org/cig/software/specfem3d_globe/

Primary References

Komatitsch, D.; Tromp, J. (2002a), Spectral-element simulations of global seismic wave propagation-I. Validation, Geophysical Journal International, 149 (2) , 390-412, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01653.x, url: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01653.x

Komatitsch, D.; Tromp, J. (2002b), Spectral-element simulations of global seismic wave propagation–II. Three-dimensional models, oceans, rotation and self-gravitation, Geophysical Journal International, 150 (1) , 303-318

Secondary References

If you use GPU graphics card acceleration, please cite at least one of the following:

• Madec, R.; Komatitsch, D.; Diaz, J. (2009), Energy-conserving local time stepping based on high-order finite elements for seismic wave propagation across a fluid-solid interface, Computer Modeling in Engineering and Sciences (CMES), 14 (2) , 163
• Michéa, D.; Komatitsch, D. (2010), Accelerating a three-dimensional finite-difference wave propagation code using GPU graphics cards: Accelerating a wave propagation code using GPUs, Geophysical Journal International, no-no, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04616.x, url: http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04616.x
• Komatitsch, D.; Michéa, D.; Erlebacher, G. (2009), Porting a high-order finite-element earthquake modeling application to NVIDIA graphics cards using CUDA, Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 69 (5) , 451-460, doi: 10.1016/j.jpdc.2009.01.006, url: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0743731509000069
• Komatitsch, D.; Erlebacher, G.; Göddeke, D.; Michéa, D. (2010), High-order finite-element seismic wave propagation modeling with MPI on a large GPU cluster, Journal of Computational Physics, 229 (20) , 7692-7714, doi: 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.06.024, url: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0021999110003396

If you use this new version, which has non blocking MPI for much better performance for medium or large runs, please cite at least one of these five articles, in which results of 3D non blocking MPI runs are presented:

• Komatitsch, D.; Erlebacher, G.; Göddeke, D.; Michéa, D. (2010), High-order finite-element seismic wave propagation modeling with MPI on a large GPU cluster, Journal of Computational Physics, 229 (20) , 7692-7714, doi: 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.06.024, url: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0021999110003396
• Madec, R.; Komatitsch, D.; Diaz, J. (2009), Energy-conserving local time stepping based on high-order finite elements for seismic wave propagation across a fluid-solid interface, Computer Modeling in Engineering and Sciences (CMES), 14 (2) , 163
• Peter, D.; Komatitsch, D.; Luo, Y.; Martin, R.; Le Goff, N.; Casarotti, E.; Le Loher, P.; Magnoni, F.; Liu, Q.; Blitz, C.; Nissen-Meyer, T.; Basini, P.; Tromp, J. (2011), Forward and adjoint simulations of seismic wave propagation on fully unstructured hexahedral meshes: SPECFEM3D Version 2.0 'Sesame', Geophysical Journal International, 186 (2) , 721-739, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05044.x, url: http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05044.x
• Komatitsch, D. (2011), Fluid-solid coupling on a cluster of GPU graphics cards for seismic wave propagation, Comptes Rendus Mécanique, 339 (2-3) , 125-135, doi: 10.1016/j.crme.2010.11.007, url: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1631072110002081

If you work on geophysical applications, you may be interested in citing some of these application articles as well, among others:

• van Wijk, K.; Komatitsch, D.; Scales, J.A.; Tromp, J. (2004), Analysis of strong scattering at the micro-scale, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 115 (3) , 1006, doi: 10.1121/1.1647480, url: http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/115/3/10.1121/1.1647480
• Ji, C. (2005), Rayleigh-Wave Multipathing along the West Coast of North America, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 95 (6) , 2115-2124, doi: 10.1785/0120040180, url: http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/doi/10.1785/0120040180
• Krishnan, S. (2006), Case Studies of Damage to Tall Steel Moment-Frame Buildings in Southern California during Large San Andreas Earthquakes, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 96 (4a) , 1523-1537, doi: 10.1785/0120050145, url: http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/doi/10.1785/0120050145
• Krishnan, S.; Ji, C.; Komatitsch, D.; Tromp, J. (2006), Performance of Two 18-Story Steel Moment-Frame Buildings in Southern California During Two Large Simulated San Andreas Earthquakes, Earthquake Spectra, 22 (4) , 1035-1061, doi: 10.1193/1.2360698, url: http://earthquakespectra.org/doi/abs/10.1193/1.2360698
• Lee, S.-J.; Chen, H.-W.; Liu, Q.; Komatitsch, D.; Huang, B.-S.; Tromp, J. (2008), Three-Dimensional Simulations of Seismic-Wave Propagation in the Taipei Basin with Realistic Topography Based upon the Spectral-Element Method, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 98 (1) , 253-264, doi: 10.1785/0120070033, url: http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/doi/10.1785/0120070033
• Lee, S.-J.; Chan, Y.-C.; Komatitsch, D.; Huang, B.-S.; Tromp, J. (2009), Effects of Realistic Surface Topography on Seismic Ground Motion in the Yangminshan Region of Taiwan Based Upon the Spectral-Element Method and LiDAR DTM, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99 (2a) , 681-693, doi: 10.1785/0120080264, url: http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/doi/10.1785/0120080264
• Lee, S.-J.; Komatitsch, D.; Huang, B.-S.; Tromp, J. (2009), Effects of Topography on Seismic-Wave Propagation: An Example from Northern Taiwan, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99 (1) , 314-325, doi: 10.1785/0120080020, url: http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/doi/10.1785/0120080020
• Chevrot, S.; Favier, N.; Komatitsch, D. (2004), Shear wave splitting in three-dimensional anisotropic media, Geophysical Journal International, 159 (2) , 711-720, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02432.x, url: http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02432.x
• Favier, N.; Chevrot, S.; Komatitsch, D. (2004), Near-field influence on shear wave splitting and traveltime sensitivity kernels, Geophysical Journal International, 156 (3) , 467-482, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02178.x, url: http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02178.x
• Ritsema, J.; McNamara, A.K.; Bull, A.L. (2007), Tomographic filtering of geodynamic models: Implications for model interpretation and large-scale mantle structure, Journal of Geophysical Research, 112 (B1) , doi: 10.1029/2006JB004566, url: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2006JB004566
• Godinho, L.; Amado Mendes, P.; Tadeu, A.; Cadena-Isaza, A.; Smerzini, C.; Sanchez-Sesma, F.J.; Madec, R.; Komatitsch, D. (2009), Numerical Simulation of Ground Rotations along 2D Topographical Profiles under the Incidence of Elastic Plane Waves, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99 (2b) , 1147-1161, doi: 10.1785/0120080096, url: http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/doi/10.1785/0120080096
• Tromp, J.; Komatitsch, D. (2000), Spectral-element simulations of wave propagation in a laterally homogeneous Earth model, Problems in Geophysics for the New Millennium, 351-372, Ingv
• Savage, B.; Komatitsch, D.; Tromp, J. (2010), Effects of 3D Attenuation on Seismic Wave Amplitude and Phase Measurements, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100 (3) , 1241-1251, doi: 10.1785/0120090263, url: http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/doi/10.1785/0120090263
• Ritsema, J.; van Heijst, H.J.; Woodhouse, J.H. (1999), Complex shear wave velocity structure imaged beneath Africa and Iceland, Science, 286 (5446) , 1925-1928, American Association for the Advancement of Science

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