[cig-commits] r15517 - in seismo/3D: SPECFEM3D_GLOBE/trunk/USER_MANUAL SPECFEM3D_SESAME/trunk/USER_MANUAL
dkomati1 at geodynamics.org
dkomati1 at geodynamics.org
Tue Aug 4 13:28:18 PDT 2009
Author: dkomati1
Date: 2009-08-04 13:28:17 -0700 (Tue, 04 Aug 2009)
New Revision: 15517
Modified:
seismo/3D/SPECFEM3D_GLOBE/trunk/USER_MANUAL/manual_SPECFEM3D_GLOBE.tex
seismo/3D/SPECFEM3D_SESAME/trunk/USER_MANUAL/manual_SPECFEM3D.tex
Log:
added description of the PDE solution that is on the first line of the DATA/CMTSOLUTION file
Modified: seismo/3D/SPECFEM3D_GLOBE/trunk/USER_MANUAL/manual_SPECFEM3D_GLOBE.tex
===================================================================
--- seismo/3D/SPECFEM3D_GLOBE/trunk/USER_MANUAL/manual_SPECFEM3D_GLOBE.tex 2009-08-04 20:07:38 UTC (rev 15516)
+++ seismo/3D/SPECFEM3D_GLOBE/trunk/USER_MANUAL/manual_SPECFEM3D_GLOBE.tex 2009-08-04 20:28:17 UTC (rev 15517)
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
%% LyX 1.5.1 created this file. For more info, see http://www.lyx.org/.
-%% Do not edit unless you really know what you are doing.
+
\documentclass[oneside,english]{book}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
\textbf{User Manual}}
-\author{© California Institute of Technology (USA) and\\
+\author{� California Institute of Technology (USA) and\\
University of Pau / CNRS / INRIA (France)\\
Version 4.0.3}
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@
least one of the following articles: \cite {KoRiTr02,KoTr02a,KoTr02b,KoTr99}
or \cite{KoVi98}. The corresponding Bib\TeX{} entries may be found
in file \texttt{USER\_MANUAL/bibliography.bib} or in comments at the
-beginning of file \texttt{specfem3D.f90}.
+beginning of file \texttt{specfem3D.f90}.
\section{Support}
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
\chapter{\label{cha:Getting-Started}Getting Started}
The SPECFEM3D\_GLOBE software package comes in a gzipped tar ball.
-In the directory in which you want to install the package, type
+In the directory in which you want to install the package, type
\begin{lyxcode}
tar~-zxvf~SPECFEM3D\_GLOBE\_V4.0.3.tar.gz
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
./configure~FC=mpif90~MPIFC=mpif90
\end{lyxcode}
\begin{description}
-\item [{\texttt{FLAGS\_CHECK}}] Compiler flags for non-critical subroutines.
+\item [{\texttt{FLAGS\_CHECK}}] Compiler flags for non-critical subroutines.
\item [{\texttt{FLAGS\_NO\_CHECK}}] Compiler flags for creating fast, production-run
code for critical subroutines.
\item [{\texttt{LOCAL\_PATH\_IS\_ALSO\_GLOBAL}}] Set to \texttt{.false.}
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@
\begin{figure}
\centerline{ \begin{tabular}{cc}
\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{figures/mpi_slices} & \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{figures/fullmesh_18} \tabularnewline
-\end{tabular}}
+\end{tabular}}
\caption{Each of the 6~chunks that constitutes the cubed sphere is subdivided
in terms of $n^{2}$~slices of elements, where $n\ge1$ is a positive
@@ -323,37 +323,37 @@
than~$90^{\circ}$, thereby accommodating smaller-scale simulations. }
-\label{figure:mpi_slices}
+\label{figure:mpi_slices}
\end{figure}
To run the mesher for a global simulation, the following parameters
-need to be set in the \texttt{Par\_file}:
+need to be set in the \texttt{Par\_file}:
\begin{description}
\item [{\texttt{SIMULATION\_TYPE}}] is set to 1 for forward simulations,
2 for adjoint simulations (see Section \ref{sec:Adjoint-simulation-finite})
-and 3 for kernel simulations (see Section \ref{sec:Finite-Frequency-Kernels}).
+and 3 for kernel simulations (see Section \ref{sec:Finite-Frequency-Kernels}).
\item [{\texttt{SAVE\_FORWARD}}] is only set to \texttt{.true.} for a forward
simulation with the last frame of the simulation saved, as part of
the finite-frequency kernel calculations (see Section \ref{sec:Finite-Frequency-Kernels}).
For a regular forward simulation, leave \texttt{SIMULATION\_TYPE}
and \texttt{SAVE\_FORWARD} at their default values.
-\item [{\texttt{NCHUNKS}}] must be set to 6 for global simulations.
+\item [{\texttt{NCHUNKS}}] must be set to 6 for global simulations.
\item [{\texttt{ANGULAR\_WIDTH\_XI\_IN\_DEGREES}}] Not needed for a global
simulation. (See Chapter~\ref{cha:Regional-Simulations} for regional
-simulations.)
+simulations.)
\item [{\texttt{ANGULAR\_WIDTH\_ETA\_IN\_DEGREES}}] Not needed for a global
simulation. (See Chapter~\ref{cha:Regional-Simulations} for regional
-simulations.)
+simulations.)
\item [{\texttt{CENTER\_LATITUDE\_IN\_DEGREES}}] Not needed for a global
simulation. (See Chapter~\ref{cha:Regional-Simulations} for regional
-simulations.)
+simulations.)
\item [{\texttt{CENTER\_LONGITUDE\_IN\_DEGREES}}] Not needed for a global
simulation. (See Chapter~\ref{cha:Regional-Simulations} for regional
-simulations.)
+simulations.)
\item [{\texttt{GAMMA\_ROTATION\_AZIMUTH}}] Not needed for a global simulation.
-(See Chapter~\ref{cha:Regional-Simulations} for regional simulations.)
+(See Chapter~\ref{cha:Regional-Simulations} for regional simulations.)
\item [{$\nexxi$}] The number of spectral elements along one side of a
chunk in the cubed sphere (see Figure~\ref{figure:mpi_slices});
this number \textit{must} be a multiple of 16 and 8~$\times$~a
@@ -376,30 +376,30 @@
element, i.e., the number of Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre points, is determined
by \texttt{NGLLX} in the \texttt{constants.h} file. In the globe we
use $\mbox{\texttt{NGLLX}}=5$, for a total of $5^{3}=125$ points
-per elements. We suggest not to change this value.
+per elements. We suggest not to change this value.
\item [{$\nexeta$}] For global simulations $\nexeta$ must be set to the
-same value as $\nexxi$.
+same value as $\nexxi$.
\item [{$\nprocxi$}] The number of processors or slices along one chunk
of the cubed sphere (see Figure~\ref{figure:mpi_slices}); we must
have $\nexxi=8\times c\times\nprocxi$, where $c\ge1$ is a positive
-integer. See Table~\ref{table:nex} for various suitable choices.
+integer. See Table~\ref{table:nex} for various suitable choices.
\item [{$\nproceta$}] For global simulations $\nproceta$ must be set
-to the same value as $\nprocxi$.
-\item [{\texttt{MODEL}}] Must be set to one of the following:
+to the same value as $\nprocxi$.
+\item [{\texttt{MODEL}}] Must be set to one of the following:
\item [{\textmd{1D~models~with~real~structure:}}]~
\begin{description}
\item [{\texttt{1D\_isotropic\_prem}}] Isotropic version of the spherically
-symmetric Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM) \citep{DzAn81}.
+symmetric Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM) \citep{DzAn81}.
\item [{\texttt{1D\_transversely\_isotropic\_prem}}] Transversely isotropic
-version of PREM.
+version of PREM.
\item [{\texttt{1D\_iasp91}}] Spherically symmetric isotropic IASP91 model
-\citep{KeEn91}.
+\citep{KeEn91}.
\item [{\texttt{1D\_1066a}}] Spherically symmetric earth model 1066A \citep{gilbertdziewonski1975}.
When \texttt{\small ATTENTUATION} is on, it uses an unpublished 1D
attenuation model from Scripps.
\item [{\texttt{1D\_ak135}}] Spherically symmetric isotropic AK135 model
-\citep{KeEnBu95}.
+\citep{KeEnBu95}.
\item [{\texttt{1}D\_ref}] A recent 1D Earth model developed by \citet{KuDzEk06}.
This model is the 1D background model for the 3D models s362ani, s362wmani,
s362ani\_prem, and s29ea.
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@
For historical reasons and to provide benchmarks against normal-mode
synthetics, the mesher accommodates versions of various 1D models
with a single crustal layer with the properties of the original upper
-crust. These `one-crust' models are:
+crust. These `one-crust' models are:
\texttt{1D\_isotropic\_prem\_onecrust}
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@
Note that S20RTS uses transversely isotropic PREM as a background
model, and that we use the PREM radial attenuation model when \texttt{ATTENUATION}
is incorporated. See Chapter~\ref{cha:-Changing-the} for a discussion
-on how to change 3D models.
+on how to change 3D models.
\item [{\texttt{\textcolor{black}{s362ani}}}] A global shear-wave speed
model developed by \citet{KuDzEk06}. In this model, radial anisotropy
is confined to the uppermost mantle. The model (and the corresponding
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@
\item [{\texttt{3D\_anisotropic}}] See Chapter~\ref{cha:-Changing-the}
for a discussion on how to specify your own 3D anisotropic model.
\item [{\texttt{3D\_attenuation}}] See Chapter~\ref{cha:-Changing-the}
-for a discussion on how to specify your own 3D attenuation model.
+for a discussion on how to specify your own 3D attenuation model.
\end{description}
\item [{\texttt{OCEANS}}] Set to \texttt{.true.} if the effect of the oceans
on seismic wave propagation should be incorporated based upon the
@@ -456,51 +456,51 @@
requirements and CPU time. This approximation is accurate at periods
of roughly 20~s and longer. At shorter periods the effect of water
phases/reverberations is not taken into account, even when the flag
-is on.
+is on.
\item [{\texttt{ELLIPTICITY}}] Set to \texttt{.true.} if the mesh should
make the Earth model elliptical in shape according to Clairaut's equation
-\citep{DaTr98}. This feature adds no cost to the simulation.
+\citep{DaTr98}. This feature adds no cost to the simulation.
\item [{\texttt{TOPOGRAPHY}}] Set to \texttt{.true.} if topography and
bathymetry should be incorporated based upon model ETOPO5 \citep{Etopo5}.
-This feature adds no cost to the simulation.
+This feature adds no cost to the simulation.
\item [{\texttt{GRAVITY}}] Set to \texttt{.true.} if self-gravitation should
be incorporated in the Cowling approximation \citep{KoTr02b,DaTr98}.
Turning this feature on is relatively inexpensive, both from the perspective
-of memory requirements as well as in terms of computational speed.
+of memory requirements as well as in terms of computational speed.
\item [{\texttt{ROTATION}}] Set to \texttt{.true.} if the Coriolis effect
should be incorporated. Turning this feature on is relatively cheap
-numerically.
+numerically.
\item [{\texttt{ATTENUATION}}] Set to \texttt{.true.} if attenuation should
be incorporated. Turning this feature on increases the memory requirements
significantly (roughly by a factor of~1.5), and is numerically fairly
expensive. Of course for realistic simulations this flag should be
turned on. See \citet{KoTr99,KoTr02a} for a discussion on the implementation
-of attenuation based upon standard linear solids.
+of attenuation based upon standard linear solids.
\item [{\texttt{ABSORBING\_CONDITIONS}}] Set to \texttt{.false.} for global
simulations. See Chapter~\ref{cha:Regional-Simulations} for regional
-simulations.
+simulations.
\item [{\texttt{RECORD\_LENGTH\_IN\_MINUTES}}] Choose the desired record
length of the synthetic seismograms (in minutes). This controls the
length of the numerical simulation, i.e., twice the record length
requires twice as much CPU time. This feature is not used at the time
of meshing but is required for the solver, i.e., you may change this
-parameter after running the mesher.
+parameter after running the mesher.
\item [{\texttt{MOVIE\_SURFACE}}] Set to \texttt{.false.}, unless you want
to create a movie of seismic wave propagation on the Earth's surface.
Turning this option on generates large output files. See Section \ref{sec:Movies}
for a discussion on the generation of movies. This feature is not
-used at the time of meshing but is relevant for the solver.
+used at the time of meshing but is relevant for the solver.
\item [{\texttt{MOVIE\_VOLUME}}] Set to \texttt{.false.}, unless you want
to create a movie of seismic wave propagation in the Earth's interior.
Turning this option on generates huge output files. See Section \ref{sec:Movies}
for a discussion on the generation of movies. This feature is not
-used at the time of meshing but is relevant for the solver.
+used at the time of meshing but is relevant for the solver.
\item [{\texttt{NTSTEP\_BETWEEN\_FRAMES}}] Determines the number of timesteps
between movie frames. Typically you want to save a snapshot every
100 timesteps. The smaller you make this number the more output will
be generated! See Section \ref{sec:Movies} for a discussion on the
generation of movies. This feature is not used at the time of meshing
-but is relevant for the solver.
+but is relevant for the solver.
\item [{\texttt{HDUR\_MOVIE}}] determines the half duration of the source
time function for the movie simulations. When this parameter is set
to be 0, a default half duration that corresponds to the accuracy
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@
to save AVS \url{www.avs.com}, OpenDX \url{www.opendx.org}, or ParaView \url{www.paraview.org}
mesh files for subsequent viewing. Turning the flag on generates large
(distributed) files in the \texttt{LOCAL\_PATH} directory. See Section~\ref{sec:Meshes}
-for a discussion of mesh viewing features.
+for a discussion of mesh viewing features.
\item [{\texttt{NUMBER\_OF\_RUNS}}] On machines with a run-time limit,
for instance for a batch/queue system, a simulation may need to be
completed in stages. This option allows you to select the number of
@@ -522,11 +522,11 @@
next stage of the multi-stage run. Reading and writing the states
can be very time consuming depending on the nature of the network
and the file system (in this case writing to the local file system,
-i.e., the disk on a node, is preferable).
+i.e., the disk on a node, is preferable).
\item [{\texttt{NUMBER\_OF\_THIS\_RUN}}] If you choose to perform the run
in stages, you need to tell the solver what stage run to perform.
This feature is not used at the time of meshing but is required for
-the solver.
+the solver.
\item [{\texttt{LOCAL\_PATH}}] Directory in which the databases generated
by the mesher will be written. Generally one uses a directory on the
local disk of the compute nodes, although on some machines these databases
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@
mesh (see Figure~\ref{figure:mpi_slices}). After the mesher finishes,
you can log in to one of the compute nodes and view the contents of
the \texttt{LOCAL\_PATH} directory to see the (many) files generated
-by the mesher.
+by the mesher.
\item [{\texttt{NTSTEP\_BETWEEN\_OUTPUT\_INFO}}] This parameter specifies
the interval at which basic information about a run is written to
the file system (\texttt{timestamp{*}} files in the \texttt{OUTPUT\_FILES}
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@
to avoid writing output text files too often. This feature is not
used at the time of meshing. One can set this parameter to a larger
value than the number of time steps to avoid writing output during
-the run.
+the run.
\item [{\texttt{NTSTEP\_BETWEEN\_OUTPUT\_SEISMOS}}] This parameter specifies
the interval at which synthetic seismograms are written in the \texttt{LOCAL\_PATH}
directory. The seismograms can be created in three different formats
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@
than requested) seismograms in this directory. On a fast machine set
\texttt{NTSTEP\_BETWEEN\_OUTPUT\_SEISMOS} to a relatively high value
to avoid writing to the seismograms too often. This feature is not
-used at the time of meshing.
+used at the time of meshing.
\item [{\texttt{NTSTEP\_BETWEEN\_READ\_ADJSRC}}] The number of adjoint
sources read in each time for an adjoint simulation.
\item [{\texttt{OUTPUT\_SEISMOS\_ASCII\_TEXT}}] Set this flag to \texttt{.true.}
@@ -597,274 +597,274 @@
\item [{\texttt{RECEIVERS\_CAN\_BE\_BURIED}}] This flag accommodates stations
with instruments that are buried, i.e., the solver will calculate
seismograms at the burial depth specified in the \texttt{STATIONS}
-file. This feature is not used at the time of meshing.
+file. This feature is not used at the time of meshing.
\item [{\texttt{PRINT\_SOURCE\_TIME\_FUNCTION}}] Turn this flag on to print
information about the source time function in the file \texttt{OUTPUT\_FILES/plot\_source\_time\_function.txt}.
-This feature is not used at the time of meshing.
+This feature is not used at the time of meshing.
\end{description}
\noindent \begin{center}
\label{table:nex} \begin{longtable}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
-\hline
+\hline
\nprocxi & processors & \multicolumn{10}{c|}{\nexxi}\tabularnewline
\hline
\endhead
-\hline
+\hline
1 & 6 & 64 & 80 & 96 & 112 & 128 & 144 & 160 & 176 & 192 & 208\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
2 & 24 & 64 & 80 & 96 & 112 & 128 & 144 & 160 & 176 & 192 & 208\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
3 & 54 & 96 & 144 & 192 & 240 & 288 & 336 & 384 & 432 & 480 & 528\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
4 & 96 & 64 & 96 & 128 & 160 & 192 & 224 & 256 & 288 & 320 & 352\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
5 & 150 & 80 & 160 & 240 & 320 & 400 & 480 & 560 & 640 & 720 & 800\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
6 & 216 & 96 & 144 & 192 & 240 & 288 & 336 & 384 & 432 & 480 & 528\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
7 & 294 & 112 & 224 & 336 & 448 & 560 & 672 & 784 & 896 & 1008 & 1120\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
8 & 384 & 64 & 128 & 192 & 256 & 320 & 384 & 448 & 512 & 576 & 640\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
9 & 486 & 144 & 288 & 432 & 576 & 720 & 864 & 1008 & 1152 & 1296 & 1440\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
10 & 600 & 80 & 160 & 240 & 320 & 400 & 480 & 560 & 640 & 720 & 800\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
11 & 726 & 176 & 352 & 528 & 704 & 880 & 1056 & 1232 & 1408 & 1584 & 1760\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
12 & 864 & 96 & 192 & 288 & 384 & 480 & 576 & 672 & 768 & 864 & 960\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
13 & 1014 & 208 & 416 & 624 & 832 & 1040 & 1248 & 1456 & 1664 & 1872 & 2080\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
14 & 1176 & 112 & 224 & 336 & 448 & 560 & 672 & 784 & 896 & 1008 & 1120\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
15 & 1350 & 240 & 480 & 720 & 960 & 1200 & 1440 & 1680 & 1920 & 2160 & 2400\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
16 & 1536 & 128 & 256 & 384 & 512 & 640 & 768 & 896 & 1024 & 1152 & 1280\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
17 & 1734 & 272 & 544 & 816 & 1088 & 1360 & 1632 & 1904 & 2176 & 2448 & 2720\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
18 & 1944 & 144 & 288 & 432 & 576 & 720 & 864 & 1008 & 1152 & 1296 & 1440\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
19 & 2166 & 304 & 608 & 912 & 1216 & 1520 & 1824 & 2128 & 2432 & 2736 & 3040\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
20 & 2400 & 160 & 320 & 480 & 640 & 800 & 960 & 1120 & 1280 & 1440 & 1600\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
21 & 2646 & 336 & 672 & 1008 & 1344 & 1680 & 2016 & 2352 & 2688 & 3024 & 3360\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
22 & 2904 & 176 & 352 & 528 & 704 & 880 & 1056 & 1232 & 1408 & 1584 & 1760\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
23 & 3174 & 368 & 736 & 1104 & 1472 & 1840 & 2208 & 2576 & 2944 & 3312 & 3680\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
24 & 3456 & 192 & 384 & 576 & 768 & 960 & 1152 & 1344 & 1536 & 1728 & 1920\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
25 & 3750 & 400 & 800 & 1200 & 1600 & 2000 & 2400 & 2800 & 3200 & 3600 & 4000\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
26 & 4056 & 208 & 416 & 624 & 832 & 1040 & 1248 & 1456 & 1664 & 1872 & 2080\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
27 & 4374 & 432 & 864 & 1296 & 1728 & 2160 & 2592 & 3024 & 3456 & 3888 & 4320\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
28 & 4704 & 224 & 448 & 672 & 896 & 1120 & 1344 & 1568 & 1792 & 2016 & 2240\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
29 & 5046 & 464 & 928 & 1392 & 1856 & 2320 & 2784 & 3248 & 3712 & 4176 & 4640\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
30 & 5400 & 240 & 480 & 720 & 960 & 1200 & 1440 & 1680 & 1920 & 2160 & 2400\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
31 & 5766 & 496 & 992 & 1488 & 1984 & 2480 & 2976 & 3472 & 3968 & 4464 & 4960\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
32 & 6144 & 256 & 512 & 768 & 1024 & 1280 & 1536 & 1792 & 2048 & 2304 & 2560\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
33 & 6534 & 528 & 1056 & 1584 & 2112 & 2640 & 3168 & 3696 & 4224 & 4752 & 5280\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
34 & 6936 & 272 & 544 & 816 & 1088 & 1360 & 1632 & 1904 & 2176 & 2448 & 2720\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
35 & 7350 & 560 & 1120 & 1680 & 2240 & 2800 & 3360 & 3920 & 4480 & 5040 & 5600\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
36 & 7776 & 288 & 576 & 864 & 1152 & 1440 & 1728 & 2016 & 2304 & 2592 & 2880\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
37 & 8214 & 592 & 1184 & 1776 & 2368 & 2960 & 3552 & 4144 & 4736 & 5328 & 5920\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
38 & 8664 & 304 & 608 & 912 & 1216 & 1520 & 1824 & 2128 & 2432 & 2736 & 3040\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
39 & 9126 & 624 & 1248 & 1872 & 2496 & 3120 & 3744 & 4368 & 4992 & 5616 & 6240\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
40 & 9600 & 320 & 640 & 960 & 1280 & 1600 & 1920 & 2240 & 2560 & 2880 & 3200\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
41 & 10086 & 656 & 1312 & 1968 & 2624 & 3280 & 3936 & 4592 & 5248 & 5904 & 6560\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
42 & 10584 & 336 & 672 & 1008 & 1344 & 1680 & 2016 & 2352 & 2688 & 3024 & 3360\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
43 & 11094 & 688 & 1376 & 2064 & 2752 & 3440 & 4128 & 4816 & 5504 & 6192 & 6880\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
44 & 11616 & 352 & 704 & 1056 & 1408 & 1760 & 2112 & 2464 & 2816 & 3168 & 3520\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
45 & 12150 & 720 & 1440 & 2160 & 2880 & 3600 & 4320 & 5040 & 5760 & 6480 & 7200\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
46 & 12696 & 368 & 736 & 1104 & 1472 & 1840 & 2208 & 2576 & 2944 & 3312 & 3680\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
47 & 13254 & 752 & 1504 & 2256 & 3008 & 3760 & 4512 & 5264 & 6016 & 6768 & 7520\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
48 & 13824 & 384 & 768 & 1152 & 1536 & 1920 & 2304 & 2688 & 3072 & 3456 & 3840\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
49 & 14406 & 784 & 1568 & 2352 & 3136 & 3920 & 4704 & 5488 & 6272 & 7056 & 7840\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
50 & 15000 & 400 & 800 & 1200 & 1600 & 2000 & 2400 & 2800 & 3200 & 3600 & 4000\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
51 & 15606 & 816 & 1632 & 2448 & 3264 & 4080 & 4896 & 5712 & 6528 & 7344 & 8160\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
52 & 16224 & 416 & 832 & 1248 & 1664 & 2080 & 2496 & 2912 & 3328 & 3744 & 4160\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
53 & 16854 & 848 & 1696 & 2544 & 3392 & 4240 & 5088 & 5936 & 6784 & 7632 & 8480\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
54 & 17496 & 432 & 864 & 1296 & 1728 & 2160 & 2592 & 3024 & 3456 & 3888 & 4320\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
55 & 18150 & 880 & 1760 & 2640 & 3520 & 4400 & 5280 & 6160 & 7040 & 7920 & 8800\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
56 & 18816 & 448 & 896 & 1344 & 1792 & 2240 & 2688 & 3136 & 3584 & 4032 & 4480\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
57 & 19494 & 912 & 1824 & 2736 & 3648 & 4560 & 5472 & 6384 & 7296 & 8208 & 9120\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
58 & 20184 & 464 & 928 & 1392 & 1856 & 2320 & 2784 & 3248 & 3712 & 4176 & 4640\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
59 & 20886 & 944 & 1888 & 2832 & 3776 & 4720 & 5664 & 6608 & 7552 & 8496 & 9440\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
60 & 21600 & 480 & 960 & 1440 & 1920 & 2400 & 2880 & 3360 & 3840 & 4320 & 4800\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
61 & 22326 & 976 & 1952 & 2928 & 3904 & 4880 & 5856 & 6832 & 7808 & 8784 & 9760\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
62 & 23064 & 496 & 992 & 1488 & 1984 & 2480 & 2976 & 3472 & 3968 & 4464 & 4960\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
63 & 23814 & 1008 & 2016 & 3024 & 4032 & 5040 & 6048 & 7056 & 8064 & 9072 & 10080\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
64 & 24576 & 512 & 1024 & 1536 & 2048 & 2560 & 3072 & 3584 & 4096 & 4608 & 5120\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
65 & 25350 & 1040 & 2080 & 3120 & 4160 & 5200 & 6240 & 7280 & 8320 & 9360 & 10400\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
66 & 26136 & 528 & 1056 & 1584 & 2112 & 2640 & 3168 & 3696 & 4224 & 4752 & 5280\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
67 & 26934 & 1072 & 2144 & 3216 & 4288 & 5360 & 6432 & 7504 & 8576 & 9648 & 10720\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
68 & 27744 & 544 & 1088 & 1632 & 2176 & 2720 & 3264 & 3808 & 4352 & 4896 & 5440\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
69 & 28566 & 1104 & 2208 & 3312 & 4416 & 5520 & 6624 & 7728 & 8832 & 9936 & 11040\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
70 & 29400 & 560 & 1120 & 1680 & 2240 & 2800 & 3360 & 3920 & 4480 & 5040 & 5600\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
71 & 30246 & 1136 & 2272 & 3408 & 4544 & 5680 & 6816 & 7952 & 9088 & 10224 & 11360\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
72 & 31104 & 576 & 1152 & 1728 & 2304 & 2880 & 3456 & 4032 & 4608 & 5184 & 5760\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
73 & 31974 & 1168 & 2336 & 3504 & 4672 & 5840 & 7008 & 8176 & 9344 & 10512 & 11680\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
74 & 32856 & 592 & 1184 & 1776 & 2368 & 2960 & 3552 & 4144 & 4736 & 5328 & 5920\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
75 & 33750 & 1200 & 2400 & 3600 & 4800 & 6000 & 7200 & 8400 & 9600 & 10800 & 12000\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
76 & 34656 & 608 & 1216 & 1824 & 2432 & 3040 & 3648 & 4256 & 4864 & 5472 & 6080\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
77 & 35574 & 1232 & 2464 & 3696 & 4928 & 6160 & 7392 & 8624 & 9856 & 11088 & 12320\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
78 & 36504 & 624 & 1248 & 1872 & 2496 & 3120 & 3744 & 4368 & 4992 & 5616 & 6240\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
79 & 37446 & 1264 & 2528 & 3792 & 5056 & 6320 & 7584 & 8848 & 10112 & 11376 & 12640\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
80 & 38400 & 640 & 1280 & 1920 & 2560 & 3200 & 3840 & 4480 & 5120 & 5760 & 6400\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
81 & 39366 & 1296 & 2592 & 3888 & 5184 & 6480 & 7776 & 9072 & 10368 & 11664 & 12960\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
82 & 40344 & 656 & 1312 & 1968 & 2624 & 3280 & 3936 & 4592 & 5248 & 5904 & 6560\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
83 & 41334 & 1328 & 2656 & 3984 & 5312 & 6640 & 7968 & 9296 & 10624 & 11952 & 13280\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
84 & 42336 & 672 & 1344 & 2016 & 2688 & 3360 & 4032 & 4704 & 5376 & 6048 & 6720\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
85 & 43350 & 1360 & 2720 & 4080 & 5440 & 6800 & 8160 & 9520 & 10880 & 12240 & 13600\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
86 & 44376 & 688 & 1376 & 2064 & 2752 & 3440 & 4128 & 4816 & 5504 & 6192 & 6880\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
87 & 45414 & 1392 & 2784 & 4176 & 5568 & 6960 & 8352 & 9744 & 11136 & 12528 & 13920\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
88 & 46464 & 704 & 1408 & 2112 & 2816 & 3520 & 4224 & 4928 & 5632 & 6336 & 7040\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
89 & 47526 & 1424 & 2848 & 4272 & 5696 & 7120 & 8544 & 9968 & 11392 & 12816 & 14240\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
90 & 48600 & 720 & 1440 & 2160 & 2880 & 3600 & 4320 & 5040 & 5760 & 6480 & 7200\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
91 & 49686 & 1456 & 2912 & 4368 & 5824 & 7280 & 8736 & 10192 & 11648 & 13104 & 14560\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
92 & 50784 & 736 & 1472 & 2208 & 2944 & 3680 & 4416 & 5152 & 5888 & 6624 & 7360\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
93 & 51894 & 1488 & 2976 & 4464 & 5952 & 7440 & 8928 & 10416 & 11904 & 13392 & 14880\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
94 & 53016 & 752 & 1504 & 2256 & 3008 & 3760 & 4512 & 5264 & 6016 & 6768 & 7520\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
95 & 54150 & 1520 & 3040 & 4560 & 6080 & 7600 & 9120 & 10640 & 12160 & 13680 & 15200\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
96 & 55296 & 768 & 1536 & 2304 & 3072 & 3840 & 4608 & 5376 & 6144 & 6912 & 7680\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
97 & 56454 & 1552 & 3104 & 4656 & 6208 & 7760 & 9312 & 10864 & 12416 & 13968 & 15520\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
98 & 57624 & 784 & 1568 & 2352 & 3136 & 3920 & 4704 & 5488 & 6272 & 7056 & 7840\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
99 & 58806 & 1584 & 3168 & 4752 & 6336 & 7920 & 9504 & 11088 & 12672 & 14256 & 15840\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
100 & 60000 & 800 & 1600 & 2400 & 3200 & 4000 & 4800 & 5600 & 6400 & 7200 & 8000\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
101 & 61206 & 1616 & 3232 & 4848 & 6464 & 8080 & 9696 & 11312 & 12928 & 14544 & 16160\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
102 & 62424 & 816 & 1632 & 2448 & 3264 & 4080 & 4896 & 5712 & 6528 & 7344 & 8160\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
103 & 63654 & 1648 & 3296 & 4944 & 6592 & 8240 & 9888 & 11536 & 13184 & 14832 & 16480\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
104 & 64896 & 832 & 1664 & 2496 & 3328 & 4160 & 4992 & 5824 & 6656 & 7488 & 8320\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
105 & 66150 & 1680 & 3360 & 5040 & 6720 & 8400 & 10080 & 11760 & 13440 & 15120 & 16800\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
106 & 67416 & 848 & 1696 & 2544 & 3392 & 4240 & 5088 & 5936 & 6784 & 7632 & 8480\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
107 & 68694 & 1712 & 3424 & 5136 & 6848 & 8560 & 10272 & 11984 & 13696 & 15408 & 17120\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
108 & 69984 & 864 & 1728 & 2592 & 3456 & 4320 & 5184 & 6048 & 6912 & 7776 & 8640\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
109 & 71286 & 1744 & 3488 & 5232 & 6976 & 8720 & 10464 & 12208 & 13952 & 15696 & 17440\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
110 & 72600 & 880 & 1760 & 2640 & 3520 & 4400 & 5280 & 6160 & 7040 & 7920 & 8800\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
111 & 73926 & 1776 & 3552 & 5328 & 7104 & 8880 & 10656 & 12432 & 14208 & 15984 & 17760\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
112 & 75264 & 896 & 1792 & 2688 & 3584 & 4480 & 5376 & 6272 & 7168 & 8064 & 8960\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
113 & 76614 & 1808 & 3616 & 5424 & 7232 & 9040 & 10848 & 12656 & 14464 & 16272 & 18080\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
114 & 77976 & 912 & 1824 & 2736 & 3648 & 4560 & 5472 & 6384 & 7296 & 8208 & 9120\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
115 & 79350 & 1840 & 3680 & 5520 & 7360 & 9200 & 11040 & 12880 & 14720 & 16560 & 18400\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
116 & 80736 & 928 & 1856 & 2784 & 3712 & 4640 & 5568 & 6496 & 7424 & 8352 & 9280\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
117 & 82134 & 1872 & 3744 & 5616 & 7488 & 9360 & 11232 & 13104 & 14976 & 16848 & 18720\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
118 & 83544 & 944 & 1888 & 2832 & 3776 & 4720 & 5664 & 6608 & 7552 & 8496 & 9440\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
119 & 84966 & 1904 & 3808 & 5712 & 7616 & 9520 & 11424 & 13328 & 15232 & 17136 & 19040\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
120 & 86400 & 960 & 1920 & 2880 & 3840 & 4800 & 5760 & 6720 & 7680 & 8640 & 9600\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
121 & 87846 & 1936 & 3872 & 5808 & 7744 & 9680 & 11616 & 13552 & 15488 & 17424 & 19360\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
122 & 89304 & 976 & 1952 & 2928 & 3904 & 4880 & 5856 & 6832 & 7808 & 8784 & 9760\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
123 & 90774 & 1968 & 3936 & 5904 & 7872 & 9840 & 11808 & 13776 & 15744 & 17712 & 19680\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
124 & 92256 & 992 & 1984 & 2976 & 3968 & 4960 & 5952 & 6944 & 7936 & 8928 & 9920\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
125 & 93750 & 2000 & 4000 & 6000 & 8000 & 10000 & 12000 & 14000 & 16000 & 18000 & 20000\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
126 & 95256 & 1008 & 2016 & 3024 & 4032 & 5040 & 6048 & 7056 & 8064 & 9072 & 10080\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
127 & 96774 & 2032 & 4064 & 6096 & 8128 & 10160 & 12192 & 14224 & 16256 & 18288 & 20320\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
128 & 98304 & 1024 & 2048 & 3072 & 4096 & 5120 & 6144 & 7168 & 8192 & 9216 & 10240\tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
129 & 99846 & 2064 & 4128 & 6192 & 8256 & 10320 & 12384 & 14448 & 16512 & 18576 & 20640\tabularnewline
\hline
\end{longtable}
@@ -977,7 +977,7 @@
The mesher writes MPI communication tables in the \texttt{OUTPUT\_FILES}
subdirectory in the files \texttt{addressing.txt}, \texttt{list\_messages\_corners.txt}
and \texttt{list\_messages\_faces.txt}, and MPI communication buffers
-to the local disks. Use the four serial codes
+to the local disks. Use the four serial codes
\begin{lyxcode}
check\_buffers\_2D.f90
@@ -998,7 +998,7 @@
the six blocks of the cubed-sphere mesh. `\texttt{xcheck\_buffers\_corners\_chunks}'
checks the communication buffers between edges common to the mesh
chunks, which must be treated separately in MPI because they are of
-valence 3 (i.e., they are shared between three chunks).
+valence 3 (i.e., they are shared between three chunks).
Please note that running these codes is optional because no information
needed by the solver is generated.
@@ -1018,14 +1018,14 @@
tool is useful for viewing your creations. Your goal should then be
to obtain meshes with elements that are as close as possible to regular
hexahedra, i.e., the mesh should contain no very elongated or skewed
-elements.
+elements.
Note that using this code is helpful mostly when running local or
regional simulations using SPECFEM3D, because in that case designing
your own mesh may be useful in some cases. On the contrary, when meshing
the global Earth using SPECFEM3D\_GLOBE, the default mesh provided,
which has already been optimized to maximize mesh quality, should
-be sufficient.
+be sufficient.
Also note that running this code is optional because no information
needed by the solver is generated.
@@ -1090,7 +1090,7 @@
\end{figure}
{\small \par}
\end{lyxcode}
-The \texttt{CMTSOLUTION} should be edited in the following way:
+The \texttt{CMTSOLUTION} should be edited in the following way:
\begin{itemize}
\item Set the \texttt{time shift} parameter equal to $0.0$ (the solver
@@ -1122,13 +1122,13 @@
make~convolve\_source\_timefunction
\end{lyxcode}
to compile the code and then set the parameter \texttt{hdur} in \texttt{UTILS/convolve\_source\_timefunction.csh}
-to the desired half-duration.
+to the desired half-duration.
\item The zero time of the simulation corresponds to the center of the triangle/Gaussian,
or the centroid time of the earthquake. The start time of the simulation
is $t=-1.5*\texttt{half duration}$ (the 1.5 is to make sure the moment
rate function is very close to zero when starting the simulation).
-To convert to absolute time $t_{\mathrm{abs}}$, set
+To convert to absolute time $t_{\mathrm{abs}}$, set
\begin{lyxcode}
$t_{\mathrm{abs}}=t_{\mathrm{pde}}+\texttt{time shift}+t_{\mathrm{synthetic}}$
@@ -1142,14 +1142,14 @@
%
\begin{figure}
\noindent \begin{centering}
-\includegraphics[width=3in]{figures/gauss_vs_triangle_mod}
+\includegraphics[width=3in]{figures/gauss_vs_triangle_mod}
\par\end{centering}
\caption{Comparison of the shape of a triangle and the Gaussian function actually
used.}
-\label{fig:gauss.vs.triangle}
+\label{fig:gauss.vs.triangle}
\end{figure}
@@ -1158,6 +1158,7 @@
Of course you may provide your own source representations by designing
your own \texttt{CMTSOLUTION} file. Just make sure that the resulting
file adheres to the Harvard CMT conventions (see Appendix~\ref{cha:Reference-Frame-Convention}).
+Note that the first line in the \texttt{CMTSOLUTION} file is the Preliminary Determination of Earthquakes (PDE) solution performed by the USGS NEIC, which is used as a seed for the Harvard CMT inversion. The PDE solution is based upon P waves and often gives the hypocenter of the earthquake, i.e., the rupture initiation point, whereas the CMT solution gives the `centroid location', which is the location with dominant moment release. The PDE solution is not used by our software package but must be present anyway in the first line of the file.
\label{To-simulate-a}To simulate a kinematic rupture, i.e., a finite-source
event, represented in terms of $N_{\mathrm{sources}}$ point sources,
@@ -1220,14 +1221,14 @@
\end{figure}
{\small \par}
-Each line represents one station in the following format:
+Each line represents one station in the following format:
\begin{lyxcode}
\noindent {\small Station~Network~Latitude~(degrees)~Longitude~(degrees)~Elevation~(m)~burial~(m)~}{\small \par}
\end{lyxcode}
Solver output is provided in the \texttt{OUTPUT\_FILES} directory
in the \texttt{output\_solver.txt} file. Output can be directed to
-the screen instead by uncommenting a line in \texttt{constants.h}:
+the screen instead by uncommenting a line in \texttt{constants.h}:
\begin{lyxcode}
!~uncomment~this~to~write~messages~to~the~screen~
@@ -1239,7 +1240,7 @@
While the solver is running, its progress may be tracked by monitoring
the `\texttt{timestamp{*}}' files in the \texttt{OUTPUT\_FILES} directory.
-These tiny files look something like this:
+These tiny files look something like this:
\begin{lyxcode}
Time~step~\#~~~~~~~~~~~200~
@@ -1322,19 +1323,19 @@
\section{One-Chunk Simulations\label{sec:One-Chunk-Simulations}}
For a one-chunk regional simulation the following parameters need
-to be set in the \texttt{Par\_file}:
+to be set in the \texttt{Par\_file}:
\begin{description}
-\item [{$\nchunks$}] Must be set to 1.
+\item [{$\nchunks$}] Must be set to 1.
\item [{\texttt{ANGULAR\_WIDTH\_XI\_IN\_DEGREES}}] Denotes the width of
-one side of the chunk ($90^{\circ}$or less).
+one side of the chunk ($90^{\circ}$or less).
\item [{\texttt{ANGULAR\_WIDTH\_ETA\_IN\_DEGREES}}] Denotes the width of
the second side of the chunk ($90^{\circ}$or less). Note that this
-value may be different from \texttt{ANGULAR\_WIDTH\_XI\_IN\_DEGREES}.
+value may be different from \texttt{ANGULAR\_WIDTH\_XI\_IN\_DEGREES}.
\item [{\texttt{CENTER\_LATITUDE\_IN\_DEGREES}}] Defines the latitude of
-the center of the chunk (degrees).
+the center of the chunk (degrees).
\item [{\texttt{CENTER\_LONGITUDE\_IN\_DEGREES}}] Defines the longitude
-of the center of the chunk (degrees).
+of the center of the chunk (degrees).
\item [{\texttt{GAMMA\_ROTATION\_AZIMUTH}}] Defines the rotation angle
of the chunk about its center measured counter clockwise from due
North (degrees). The corners of the mesh are output in \texttt{\small OUTPUT\_FILES/values\_from\_mesher.h}.
@@ -1344,13 +1345,13 @@
\texttt{\small values\_from\_mesher.h}\texttt{)} by using{\small{}
}\texttt{\small xcreate\_header\_file}. It is important to note that
the mesher or the solver does not need to be run to determine the
-limits of a 1-chunk simulation.
+limits of a 1-chunk simulation.
\item [{$\nexxi$}] The number of spectral elements along the $\xi$ side
of the chunk. This number \textit{must} be 8~$\times$~a multiple
of $\nprocxi$ defined below. For a $90^{\circ}$ chunk, we do not
recommend using $\nexxi$ less than~64 because the curvature of the
Earth cannot be honored if one uses too few elements, which results
-in inaccurate and unstable simulations.
+in inaccurate and unstable simulations.
\item [{$\nexeta$}] The number of spectral elements along the $\eta$
side of the chunk. This number \textit{must} be 8~$\times$~a multiple
of $\nproceta$ defined below. Note that in order to get elements
@@ -1364,17 +1365,17 @@
\end{lyxcode}
Because of the geometry of the cubed sphere, the option of having
different values for $\nexxi$ and $\nexeta$ is available only for
-regional simulations when $\nchunks=1$ (1/6th of the sphere).
+regional simulations when $\nchunks=1$ (1/6th of the sphere).
\item [{$\nprocxi$}] The number of processors or mesh slices along the
$\xi$ side of the chunk. To accommodate the mesh doubling layers,
we must have $\nexxi=8\times c\times\nprocxi$, where $c\ge1$ is
a positive integer. See Table~\ref{table:nex} for various suitable
-choices.
+choices.
\item [{$\nproceta$}] The number of processors or slices along the $\eta$
side of the chunk; we must have $\nexeta=8\times c\times\nproceta$,
where $c\ge1$ is a positive integer. $\nprocxi$ and $\nproceta$
-must be equal when $\nchunks=6$.
+must be equal when $\nchunks=6$.
\end{description}
%
\begin{figure}[H]
@@ -1415,7 +1416,7 @@
description of the paraxial boundary conditions used. Note that these
conditions are never perfect, and in particular surface waves may
partially reflect off the artificial boundaries. Note also that certain
-arrivals, e.g., PKIKPPKIKP, will be missing from the synthetics.
+arrivals, e.g., PKIKPPKIKP, will be missing from the synthetics.
\end{description}
When the width of the chunk is different from $90^{\circ}$ (or the
number of elements is greater than 1248), the radial distribution
@@ -1448,7 +1449,7 @@
where $S_{c}$ is the stability condition (about 0.4). We use the
radius at the inner core boundary because this is where the maximum
velocity/element width occurs. Again, see \texttt{\small read\_compute\_parameters}\texttt{.f90}
-for all the details.
+for all the details.
The approximate shortest period at which a regional simulation is
accurate may be determined based upon the relation \begin{equation}
@@ -1459,14 +1460,14 @@
\section{Two-Chunk Simulations}
For a two-chunk regional simulation the following parameters need
-to be set in the \texttt{Par\_file}:
+to be set in the \texttt{Par\_file}:
\begin{description}
\item [{$\nchunks$}] Must be set to 2
\item [{\texttt{ANGULAR\_WIDTH\_XI\_IN\_DEGREES}}] Denotes the width of
one side of the chunk, and it has to be 90 degrees.
\item [{\texttt{ANGULAR\_WIDTH\_ETA\_IN\_DEGREES}}] Denotes the width of
-the second side of the chunk, and it also has to be 90 degrees.
+the second side of the chunk, and it also has to be 90 degrees.
\end{description}
\texttt{NEX\_XI} and \texttt{NEX\_ETA} follow the same description
in Section \ref{sec:One-Chunk-Simulations}, however, they need to
@@ -1516,7 +1517,7 @@
with respect to these source parameters can be computed by placing
time-reversed seismograms at the receivers and using them as sources
in an adjoint simulation, and then the value of the gradient is obtained
-from the adjoint seismograms recorded at the original earthquake location.
+from the adjoint seismograms recorded at the original earthquake location.
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Prepare the adjoint sources} \label{enu:Prepare-the-adjoint}
@@ -1536,7 +1537,7 @@
\item Then select the stations for which you want to compute the time-reversed
adjoint sources and run the adjoint simulation, and compile them into
the \texttt{DATA/STATIONS\_ADJOINT} file, which has the same format
-as the regular \texttt{DATA/STATIONS} file.
+as the regular \texttt{DATA/STATIONS} file.
\begin{itemize}
\item Depending on what type of misfit function is used for the source inversion,
@@ -1545,7 +1546,7 @@
with the format \texttt{STA.NT.LH?.adj}, where \texttt{STA}, \texttt{NT}
are the station name and network code given in the \texttt{DATA/STATIONS\_ADJOINT}
file, and \texttt{LH?} represents the component name of a particular
-adjoint seismogram.
+adjoint seismogram.
\item The adjoint seismograms are in the same format as the original seismogram
(\texttt{STA.NT.LH?.sem?}), with the same start time, time interval
and record length.
@@ -1557,7 +1558,7 @@
\item Also note that since time-reversal is done in the code itself, no
explicit time-reversing is needed for the preparation of the adjoint
sources, i.e., the adjoint sources are in the same forward time sense
-as the original recorded seismograms.
+as the original recorded seismograms.
\end{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Set the related parameters and run the adjoint simulation}\\
In the \texttt{DATA/Par\_file}, set the two related parameters to
@@ -1569,7 +1570,7 @@
After the adjoint simulation has completed successfully, get the seismograms
-from directory \texttt{OUTPUT\_FILES}.
+from directory \texttt{OUTPUT\_FILES}.
\begin{itemize}
\item These adjoint seismograms are recorded at the locations of the original
@@ -1577,10 +1578,10 @@
have names of the form \texttt{S?????.NT.S??.sem} for the six-component
strain tensor (\texttt{SNN,SEE,SZZ,SNE,SNZ,SEZ}) at these locations,
and \texttt{S?????.NT.LH?.sem} for the three-component displacements
-(\texttt{LHN,LHE,LHZ}) recorded at these locations.
+(\texttt{LHN,LHE,LHZ}) recorded at these locations.
\item \texttt{S?????} denotes the source number; for example, if the original
\texttt{CMTSOLUTION} provides only a point source, then the seismograms
-collected will start with \texttt{S00001}.
+collected will start with \texttt{S00001}.
\item These adjoint seismograms provide critical information for the computation
of the gradient of the misfit function.
\end{itemize}
@@ -1601,34 +1602,34 @@
files, set the parameters \texttt{\small SIMULATION\_TYPE}{\small{}
}\texttt{\small =}{\small{} }\texttt{\small 1} and \texttt{\small SAVE\_FORWARD
=}{\small{} }\texttt{\small .true.} in the \texttt{Par\_file} (\texttt{change\_simulation\_type
--F}), and run the solver.
+-F}), and run the solver.
\begin{itemize}
\item Notice that attenuation is not implemented yet for the computation
of finite-frequency kernels; therefore set \texttt{ATTENUATION = .false.}
-in the \texttt{Par\_file}.
+in the \texttt{Par\_file}.
\item We also suggest you modify the half duration of the \texttt{CMTSOLUTION}
to be similar to the accuracy of the simulation (see Equation \ref{eq:shortest_period}
or \ref{eq:shortest_period_regional}) to avoid too much high-frequency
noise in the forward wavefield, although theoretically the high-frequency
noise should be eliminated when convolved with an adjoint wavefield
-with the proper frequency content.
+with the proper frequency content.
\item This forward simulation differs from the regular simulations (\texttt{\small SIMULATION\_TYPE}{\small{}
}\texttt{\small =}{\small{} }\texttt{\small 1} and \texttt{\small SAVE\_FORWARD}{\small{}
}\texttt{\small =}{\small{} }\texttt{\small .false.}) described in
the previous chapters in that the state variables for the last time
step of the simulation, including wavefields of the displacement,
velocity, acceleration, etc., are saved to the \texttt{LOCAL\_PATH}
-to be used for the subsequent simulation.
+to be used for the subsequent simulation.
\item For regional simulations, the files recording the absorbing boundary
contribution are also written to the \texttt{LOCAL\_PATH} when \texttt{SAVE\_FORWARD
-= .true.}.
+= .true.}.
\end{itemize}
\item \textbf{Prepare the adjoint sources}
The adjoint sources need to be prepared the same way as described
-in Section~\ref{sec:Adjoint-simulation-sources}, item~\ref{enu:Prepare-the-adjoint}.
+in Section~\ref{sec:Adjoint-simulation-sources}, item~\ref{enu:Prepare-the-adjoint}.
\begin{itemize}
\item In the case of travel-time finite-frequency kernel for one source-receiver
@@ -1636,7 +1637,7 @@
in the \texttt{STATIONS\_ADJOINT} list, we supply a sample program
in \texttt{UTILS/cut\_velocity} to cut a certain portion of the original
displacement seismograms and convert them into the proper adjoint
-source to compute the finite-frequency kernel.
+source to compute the finite-frequency kernel.
\begin{lyxcode}
cut\_velocity~t1~t2~ifile{[}0-5]~E/N/Z-ascii-files~{[}baz]
@@ -1657,20 +1658,20 @@
With the successful forward simulation and the adjoint source ready
in \texttt{SEM/}, set \texttt{SIMULATION\_TYPE = 3} and \texttt{SAVE\_FORWARD
= .false.} in the \texttt{Par\_file(change\_simulation\_type.pl -b)},
-and rerun the solver.
+and rerun the solver.
\begin{itemize}
\item The adjoint simulation is launched together with the back reconstruction
of the original forward wavefield from the state variables saved from
the previous forward simulation, and the finite-frequency kernels
are computed by the interaction of the reconstructed forward wavefield
-and the adjoint wavefield.
+and the adjoint wavefield.
\item The back-reconstructed seismograms at the original station locations
are saved to the \texttt{OUTPUT\_FILES} directory at the end of the
kernel simulations.
\item These back-constructed seismograms can be compared with the time-reversed
original seismograms to assess the accuracy of the backward reconstruction,
-and they should match very well (in the time-reversed sense).
+and they should match very well (in the time-reversed sense).
\item The files containing the density, P-wave speed and S-wave speed kernels
are saved in the \texttt{LOCAL\_PATH} with the names of \texttt{proc??????\_reg\_?\_rho(alpha,beta)\_kernel.bin},
where \texttt{proc??????} represents the processor number, and \texttt{reg\_?}
@@ -1715,7 +1716,7 @@
is in s / (kg/m$^{3}$) / km$^{3}$. These `primary' anisotropic kernels
can then be combined to obtain the kernels related to other descriptions
of anisotropy. This can be done, for example, when combining the kernel
-files from slices into one mesh file (see Section~\ref{sec:Finite-Frequency-Kernels}).
+files from slices into one mesh file (see Section~\ref{sec:Finite-Frequency-Kernels}).
\end{enumerate}
In general, the first three steps need to be run sequentially to ensure
@@ -1725,7 +1726,7 @@
assigned to the same set of computer nodes, the kernel simulation
will not be able to access the database files saved by the forward
simulation. Solutions for this problem are provided in Chapter~\ref{cha:Running-Scheduler}.
-Visualization of the finite-frequency kernels is discussed in Section~\ref{sec:Finite-Frequency-Kernels}.
+Visualization of the finite-frequency kernels is discussed in Section~\ref{sec:Finite-Frequency-Kernels}.
\chapter{Graphics}
@@ -1760,7 +1761,7 @@
smallest period (see figure \ref{fig:CMTSOLUTION-file}). When \texttt{\small MOVIE\_SURFACE}
= \texttt{\small .true.} or \texttt{\small MOVIE\_VOLUME}{\small{}
}\texttt{\small =}{\small{} }\texttt{\small .true.}, the half duration
-of each source in the \texttt{CMTSOLUTION} file is replaced by
+of each source in the \texttt{CMTSOLUTION} file is replaced by
\begin{quote}
\[
@@ -1787,7 +1788,7 @@
will prompt the user for input parameters. The second program \texttt{create\_movie\_GMT\_global.f90}
outputs ASCII xyz files, convenient for use with GMT. This codes uses
significantly less memory than \texttt{create\_movie\_AVS\_DX.f90}
-and is therefore useful for high resolution runs.
+and is therefore useful for high resolution runs.
%
\begin{figure}[H]
@@ -1813,13 +1814,13 @@
\texttt{\small MOVIE\_NORTH\_DEG}, \texttt{\small MOVIE\_SOUTH\_DEG},
\texttt{\small MOVIE\_START} and \texttt{\small MOVIE\_STOP}. The
code will save a given element if the center of the element is in
-the prescribed volume.
+the prescribed volume.
\begin{description}
\item [{The~Top/Bottom:}] Depth below the surface in kilometers, use \texttt{\small MOVIE\_TOP}
\texttt{\small =} \texttt{\small -100.0} to make sure the surface
-is stored.
-\item [{West/East:}] Longitude, degrees East {[}-180.0/180.0]
+is stored.
+\item [{West/East:}] Longitude, degrees East {[}-180.0/180.0]
\item [{North/South:}] Latitute, degrees North {[}-90.0/90.0]
\item [{Start/Stop:}] Frames will be stored at \texttt{\small MOVIE\_START}
\texttt{\small +} \texttt{\small i{*}NSTEP\_BETWEEN\_FRAMES}, where
@@ -1879,13 +1880,13 @@
up too much storage space (at least tens of gigabytes). Since the
sensitivity kernels are the strongest along the source-receiver great
circle path, it is sufficient to collect only the slices that are
-along or close to the great circle path.
+along or close to the great circle path.
A Perl script \texttt{UTILS/Paraview/global\_slice\_number.pl} can
help to figure out the slice numbers that lie along the great circle
path (both the minor and major arcs), as well as the slice numbers
required to produce a full picture of the inner core if your kernel
-also illuminates the inner core.
+also illuminates the inner core.
\begin{enumerate}
\item You need to first compile the utility programs provided in the \texttt{UTILS/Paraview/global\_slice\_util
@@ -1910,7 +1911,7 @@
\item For a full 6-chunk simulation, this script will generate the \texttt{slice\_minor},
\texttt{slice\_major}, \texttt{slice\_ic} files, but for a one- or
two-chunk simulation, this script only generates the \texttt{slice\_minor}
-file.
+file.
\item For cases with multiple sources and multiple receivers, you need to
provide a slice file before proceeding to the next step.
\end{enumerate}
@@ -1918,7 +1919,7 @@
After obtaining the slice files, you can collect the corresponding
-kernel files from the given slices.
+kernel files from the given slices.
\begin{enumerate}
\item To accomplish this, you can use or modify the scripts in \texttt{UTILS/collect\_database
@@ -1933,7 +1934,7 @@
and \texttt{\small beta\_kernel}), and the optional \texttt{\small jobid}
is the name of the subdirectory under \texttt{\small LOCAL\_PATH}
where all the kernel files are stored. For boundary kernels, you need
-to use
+to use
\begin{lyxcode}
{\small copy\_surf\_globe\_database.pl~slice\_file~lsf\_machine\_file~filename~{[}jobid]}{\small \par}
@@ -1962,7 +1963,7 @@
\end{lyxcode}
where \texttt{input\_dir} is the directory where all the individual
kernel files are stored, and \texttt{output\_dir} is where the mesh
-file will be written.
+file will be written.
\begin{lyxcode}
{\footnotesize xcombine\_surf\_data~slice\_list~filename~surfname~input\_dir~output\_dir~hi~gh/low-resolution~2D/3D}{\footnotesize \par}
@@ -2001,7 +2002,7 @@
In the case of a single source and a single receiver, the simulation
also generates the \texttt{OUTPUT\_FILES/sr.vtk} file to describe
the source and receiver locations, which can be viewed in Paraview
-in the next step.
+in the next step.
\item \textbf{View the mesh in ParaView}
@@ -2019,12 +2020,12 @@
\end{itemize}
\item Click \textsf{Display Tab} $\rightarrow$ \textsf{Display Style} $\rightarrow$
\textsf{Representation} and select \textsf{wireframe of surface} to
-display it.
+display it.
\item To create a cross-section of the volumetric mesh, choose \textsf{Filter}
$\rightarrow$ \textsf{cut}, and under \textsf{Parameters Tab}, choose
-\textsf{Cut Function} $\rightarrow$ \textsf{plane}.
+\textsf{Cut Function} $\rightarrow$ \textsf{plane}.
\item Fill in center and normal information given by the standard output
-from \texttt{global\_slice\_number.pl} script.
+from \texttt{global\_slice\_number.pl} script.
\item To change the color scale, go to \textsf{Display Tab} $\rightarrow$
\textsf{Color} $\rightarrow$ \textsf{Edit Color Map} and reselect
lower and upper limits, or change the color scheme.
@@ -2056,7 +2057,7 @@
most of which use schedulers, i.e., queuing or batch management systems
to manage the running of jobs from a large number of users. The following
considerations need to be taken into account when running on a system
-that uses a scheduler:
+that uses a scheduler:
\begin{itemize}
\item The processors/nodes to be used for each run are assigned dynamically
@@ -2064,7 +2065,7 @@
mesher and the solver (or between successive runs of the solver) to
have access to the same database files (if they are stored on hard
drives local to the nodes on which the code is run), they must be
-launched in sequence as a single job.
+launched in sequence as a single job.
\item On some systems, the nodes to which running jobs are assigned are
not configured for compilation. It may therefore be necessary to pre-compile
both the mesher and the solver. A small program provided in the distribution
@@ -2074,12 +2075,12 @@
to run the mesher (type \texttt{\small `make}{\small{} }\texttt{\small create\_header\_}~\\
\texttt{\small file}' to compile it and `\texttt{\small xcreate\_header\_file}'
to run it; refer to the sample scripts below). The solver can now
-be compiled as explained above.
+be compiled as explained above.
\item One feature of schedulers/queuing systems is that they allow submission
of multiple jobs in a {}``launch and forget'' mode. In order to
take advantage of this property, care needs to be taken that output
and intermediate files from separate jobs do not overwrite each other,
-or otherwise interfere with other running jobs.
+or otherwise interfere with other running jobs.
\end{itemize}
We describe here in some detail a job submission procedure for the
Caltech 1024-node cluster, CITerra, under the LSF scheduling system.
@@ -2089,7 +2090,7 @@
\texttt{\small .bash}, which contains the instructions that make up
the job itself. These scripts can be found in \texttt{\small UTILS/}
directory and can straightforwardly be modified and adapted to meet
-more specific running needs.
+more specific running needs.
\section{\texttt{run\_lsf.bash}}
@@ -2250,33 +2251,33 @@
the crust on top of the 1D reference model (PREM, IASP91, or AK135)
is removed and replaced by extending the mantle. The 3D crustal model
is subsequently overprinted onto the crust-less 1D reference model.
-The call to the 3D crustal routine is of the form
+The call to the 3D crustal routine is of the form
\begin{lyxcode}
call~crustal\_model(lat,lon,r,vp,vs,rho,moho,foundcrust,CM\_V)
\end{lyxcode}
-Input to this routine consists of:
+Input to this routine consists of:
\begin{description}
-\item [{\texttt{lat}}] Latitude in degrees.
-\item [{\texttt{lon}}] Longitude in degrees.
-\item [{\texttt{r}}] Non-dimensionalized radius ($0<\texttt{r}<1$).
+\item [{\texttt{lat}}] Latitude in degrees.
+\item [{\texttt{lon}}] Longitude in degrees.
+\item [{\texttt{r}}] Non-dimensionalized radius ($0<\texttt{r}<1$).
\end{description}
-Output from the routine consists of:
+Output from the routine consists of:
\begin{description}
\item [{\texttt{vp}}] Non-dimensionalized compressional wave speed at location
-(\texttt{lat},\texttt{lon},\texttt{r}).
-\item [{\texttt{vs}}] Non-dimensionalized shear wave speed.
-\item [{\texttt{rho}}] Non-dimensionalized density.
-\item [{\texttt{moho}}] Non-dimensionalized Moho depth.
+(\texttt{lat},\texttt{lon},\texttt{r}).
+\item [{\texttt{vs}}] Non-dimensionalized shear wave speed.
+\item [{\texttt{rho}}] Non-dimensionalized density.
+\item [{\texttt{moho}}] Non-dimensionalized Moho depth.
\item [{\texttt{found\_crust}}] Logical that is set to \texttt{.true.}
only if crust exists at location (\texttt{lat},\texttt{lon},\texttt{r}),
i.e., \texttt{.false.} for radii \texttt{r} in the mantle. This flags
determines whether or not a particular location is in the crust and,
-if so, what parameters to assign to the mesh at this location.
+if so, what parameters to assign to the mesh at this location.
\item [{\texttt{CM\_V}}] Fortran structure that contains the parameters,
-variables and arrays that describe the model.
+variables and arrays that describe the model.
\end{description}
All output needs to be non-dimensionalized according to the convention
summarized in Appendix~\ref{cha:Non-Dimensionalization-Conventions}.
@@ -2353,12 +2354,12 @@
The 3D mantle model S20RTS \citep{RiVaWo99} is superimposed onto
the mantle mesh by the subroutine \texttt{mantle\_model.f90}. The
-call to this subroutine is of the form
+call to this subroutine is of the form
\begin{lyxcode}
call~mantle\_model(radius,theta,phi,dvs,dvp,drho,D3MM\_V)~
\end{lyxcode}
-Input to this routine consists of:
+Input to this routine consists of:
\begin{description}
\item [{\texttt{radius}}] Non-dimensionalized radius ($\texttt{RCMB/R\_ EARTH}<\texttt{r}<\texttt{RMOHO/R\_ EARTH}$;
@@ -2372,18 +2373,18 @@
of the Moho in the 1D reference model and the Moho in the 3D crustal
model. Thus, when the Moho in the 3D crustal model is shallower than
the Moho in the reference model, e.g., typically below the oceans,
-the mantle model is extended to fill this gap.
-\item [{\texttt{theta}}] Colatitude in radians.
-\item [{\texttt{phi}}] Longitude in radians.
+the mantle model is extended to fill this gap.
+\item [{\texttt{theta}}] Colatitude in radians.
+\item [{\texttt{phi}}] Longitude in radians.
\end{description}
-Output from the routine are the following non-dimensional perturbations:
+Output from the routine are the following non-dimensional perturbations:
\begin{description}
\item [{\texttt{dvs}}] Relative shear-wave speed perturbations $\delta\beta/\beta$
-at location (\texttt{radius},\texttt{theta},\texttt{phi}).
+at location (\texttt{radius},\texttt{theta},\texttt{phi}).
\item [{\texttt{dvp}}] Relative compressional-wave speed perturbations
-$\delta\alpha/\alpha$.
-\item [{\texttt{drho}}] Relative density perturbations $\delta\rho/\rho$.
+$\delta\alpha/\alpha$.
+\item [{\texttt{drho}}] Relative density perturbations $\delta\rho/\rho$.
\item [{\texttt{D3MM\_V}}] Fortran structure that contains the parameters,
variables and arrays that describe the model.
\end{description}
@@ -2454,7 +2455,7 @@
\begin{lyxcode}
anisotropic\_mantle\_model.f90
\end{lyxcode}
-The call to this subroutine is of the form
+The call to this subroutine is of the form
\begin{lyxcode}
call~anisomantlemodel(r,theta,phi,rho,~\&~
@@ -2463,7 +2464,7 @@
~~~~c33,c34,c35,c36,c44,c45,c46,c55,c56,c66,AMM\_V)~
\end{lyxcode}
-Input to this routine consists of:
+Input to this routine consists of:
\begin{description}
\item [{\texttt{r}}] Non-dimensionalized radius ($\texttt{RCMB/R\_ EARTH}<\texttt{r}<\texttt{RMOHO/R\_ EARTH}$;
@@ -2476,19 +2477,19 @@
the Moho in the 1D reference model and the Moho in the 3D crustal
model. Thus, when the Moho in the 3D crustal model is shallower than
the Moho in the reference model, e.g., typically below the oceans,
-the mantle model is extended to fill this gap.
-\item [{\texttt{theta}}] Colatitude in radians.
-\item [{\texttt{phi}}] Longitude in radians.
+the mantle model is extended to fill this gap.
+\item [{\texttt{theta}}] Colatitude in radians.
+\item [{\texttt{phi}}] Longitude in radians.
\end{description}
Output from the routine consists of the following non-dimensional
-model parameters:
+model parameters:
\begin{description}
-\item [{\texttt{rho}}] Non-dimensionalized density $\rho$.
+\item [{\texttt{rho}}] Non-dimensionalized density $\rho$.
\item [{\texttt{c11},}] \textbf{$\cdots$,} \texttt{\textbf{c66}} 21 non-dimensionalized
-anisotropic elastic parameters.
+anisotropic elastic parameters.
\item [{\texttt{AMM\_V}}] Fortran structure that contains the parameters,
-variables and arrays that describe the model.
+variables and arrays that describe the model.
\end{description}
You can replace the \texttt{anisotropic\_mantle\_model.f90} file by
your own version \textit{provided you do not change the call structure
@@ -2542,19 +2543,19 @@
Three-dimensional anelastic (attenuation) models may be superimposed
onto the mesh based upon your subroutine \texttt{\{attenuation\_model}\}.
-The call to this routine is as follows
+The call to this routine is as follows
\begin{lyxcode}
call~attenuation\_model(radius,~latitude,~longitude,~Qmu,~idoubling)
\end{lyxcode}
-Input to this routine consists of:
+Input to this routine consists of:
\begin{description}
-\item [{\texttt{radius}}] scaled radius of the earth: $0\,(\mathrm{center})<=r\,<=1$(surface)
+\item [{\texttt{radius}}] scaled radius of the earth: $0\,(\mathrm{center})<=r\,<=1$(surface)
\item [{\texttt{latitude}}] Latitude in degrees: $-90^{\circ}<=\theta<=90^{\circ}$
-\item [{\texttt{longitude}}] Longitude in degrees: $-180^{\circ}<=\phi<=180^{\circ}$
+\item [{\texttt{longitude}}] Longitude in degrees: $-180^{\circ}<=\phi<=180^{\circ}$
\end{description}
-Output to this routine consists of:
+Output to this routine consists of:
\begin{description}
\item [{\texttt{Qmu}}] Shear wave quality factor: $0<Q_{\mu}<5000$
@@ -2575,7 +2576,7 @@
significant figure following the decimal, or the maximum value (5000),
consult \texttt{constants.h}. In order to prevent unexpected results,
quality factors $Q_{\mu}$ should never be equal to 0 outside of the
-inner core.
+inner core.
\chapter{Post-Processing Scripts}
@@ -2690,7 +2691,7 @@
the header variable NPTS to the actually written number of time steps.
The script must be called from the \texttt{SPECFEM3D} main directory,
and the input argument to this script is simply a list of SAC seismogram
-files.
+files.
\section{Map Local Database}
@@ -2733,7 +2734,7 @@
are based in part on software libraries from the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering (Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA).
The non-structured global numbering software was provided by Paul
-F. Fischer (Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA, now at Argonne National Laboratory, USA).
+F. Fischer (Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA, now at Argonne National Laboratory, USA).
OpenDX \url{www.opendx.org} is open-source based on IBM Data Explorer,
AVS \url{www.avs.com} is a trademark of Advanced Visualization Systems,
@@ -2741,19 +2742,19 @@
platform.{\small{} }{\small \par}
The main developers of the \texttt{SPECFEM3D\_GLOBE} source code are
-Dimitri Komatitsch, Jeroen Tromp, Qinya Liu and David Michéa. The
+Dimitri Komatitsch, Jeroen Tromp, Qinya Liu and David Mich�a. The
following individuals (listed in alphabetical order) have also contributed
-to the development or improvement of the source code: Min Chen, Vala Hjörleifsdóttir,
+to the development or improvement of the source code: Min Chen, Vala Hj�rleifsd�ttir,
Nicolas Le Goff, Jes\'us Labarta, Brian Savage, Bernhard Schuberth, Anne Sieminski,
Leif Strand and Peter van Keken. The following individuals (listed
in alphabetical order) contributed to this manual: Min Chen, Vala
-Hjörleifsdóttir, Sue Kientz, Dimitri Komatitsch, Qinya Liu, Alessia
-Maggi, David Michéa, Brian Savage, Anne Sieminski, Carl Tape, and
+Hj�rleifsd�ttir, Sue Kientz, Dimitri Komatitsch, Qinya Liu, Alessia
+Maggi, David Mich�a, Brian Savage, Anne Sieminski, Carl Tape, and
Jeroen Tromp. The manual's cover graphic was created by Santiago Lombeyda
from Caltech's Center for Advanced Computing Research (CACR) \url{http://www.cacr.caltech.edu/}.
Please e-mail your feedback, questions, comments, and suggestions
-to Jeroen Tromp \url{jtromp-AT-gps.caltech.edu} or to the CIG Computational Seismology Mailing List \url{cig-seismo at geodynamics.org}.
+to Jeroen Tromp \url{jtromp-AT-gps.caltech.edu} or to the CIG Computational Seismology Mailing List \url{cig-seismo at geodynamics.org}.
\chapter*{\label{cha:Copyright}Copyright}
@@ -2763,7 +2764,7 @@
Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA,
and University of Pau / CNRS / INRIA, France
-© California Institute of Technology and University of Pau / CNRS
+� California Institute of Technology and University of Pau / CNRS
/ INRIA, February 2008
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -2778,28 +2779,28 @@
\chapter{\label{cha:Reference-Frame-Convention}Reference Frame Convention}
The code uses the following convention for the Cartesian reference
-frame:
+frame:
\begin{itemize}
-\item the $x$ axis points East
-\item the $y$ axis points North
-\item the $z$ axis points up
+\item the $x$ axis points East
+\item the $y$ axis points North
+\item the $z$ axis points up
\end{itemize}
Note that this convention is different from both the \citet{AkRi80}
convention and the Harvard Centroid-Moment Tensor (CMT) convention.
-The Aki \& Richards convention is
+The Aki \& Richards convention is
\begin{itemize}
-\item the $x$ axis points North
-\item the $y$ axis points East
-\item the $z$ axis points down
+\item the $x$ axis points North
+\item the $y$ axis points East
+\item the $z$ axis points down
\end{itemize}
-and the Harvard CMT convention is
+and the Harvard CMT convention is
\begin{itemize}
-\item the $x$ axis points South
-\item the $y$ axis points East
-\item the $z$ axis points up
+\item the $x$ axis points South
+\item the $y$ axis points East
+\item the $z$ axis points up
\end{itemize}
\chapter{\label{cha:Non-Dimensionalization-Conventions}Non-Dimensionalization
@@ -2811,9 +2812,9 @@
\begin{table}[ht]
\noindent \begin{centering}
{\small }\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
-\hline
+\hline
quantity (units) & non-dimensionalized with \tabularnewline
-\hline
+\hline
distance (m) & \texttt{R\_EARTH} \tabularnewline
time (s) & $\sqrt{\texttt{PI}\times\texttt{GRAV}\times\texttt{RHOAV}}$ \tabularnewline
density (kg/m$^{3}$) & \texttt{RHOAV} \tabularnewline
@@ -2837,7 +2838,7 @@
\citet{KoTr02a,KoTr02b} carefully benchmarked the spectral-element
simulations of global seismic waves against normal-mode seismograms.
Version 4.0 of \texttt{SPECFEM3D\_GLOBE} has been benchmarked again
-following the same procedure.
+following the same procedure.
In this appendix we present two tests: a `long-period' (periods longer
than 17~s) simulation of a shallow event in isotropic PREM \citep{DzAn81}
@@ -2847,7 +2848,7 @@
longer than 9~s) simulation of a deep event in transversely isotropic
PREM without the ocean layer and including the effects of self-gravitation
and attenuation (Figures \ref{fig:Bolivia-with-Vertical}, \ref{fig:Bolivia-with-Transverse}
-and \ref{fig:Bolivia-PKP}).
+and \ref{fig:Bolivia-PKP}).
%
\begin{figure}[ht]
@@ -2928,7 +2929,7 @@
Further tests can be found in the \texttt{EXAMPLES} directory. It
contains the normal-mode and SEM seismograms, and the parameters (\texttt{STATIONS},
-\texttt{CMTSOLUTION} and \texttt{Par\_file}) for the SEM simulations.
+\texttt{CMTSOLUTION} and \texttt{Par\_file}) for the SEM simulations.
\chapter{\label{cha:License}License}
@@ -2971,7 +2972,7 @@
We protect your rights with two steps:
\begin{enumerate}
-\item Copyright the software, and
+\item Copyright the software, and
\item Offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute
and/or modify the software.
\end{enumerate}
@@ -2986,7 +2987,7 @@
We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program
will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program
proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent
-must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
+must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification
follow.
@@ -3012,7 +3013,7 @@
the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is
covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program
(independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether
-that is true depends on what the Program does.
+that is true depends on what the Program does.
\end{itemize}
@@ -3022,25 +3023,25 @@
and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice
and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer
to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other
-recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.
+recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for
-a fee.
+a fee.
\item You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of
it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute
such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided
-that you also meet all of these conditions:
+that you also meet all of these conditions:
\begin{enumerate}
\item You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating
-that you changed the files and the date of any change.
+that you changed the files and the date of any change.
\item You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole
or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof,
to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under
-the terms of this License.
+the terms of this License.
\item If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when
run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive
use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement
@@ -3049,7 +3050,7 @@
users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling
the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program
itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement,
-your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
+your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
\end{enumerate}
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable
sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be
@@ -3059,37 +3060,37 @@
same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program,
the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License,
whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole,
-and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
+and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is
to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
-collective works based on the Program.
+collective works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume
of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work
-under the scope of this License.
+under the scope of this License.
\item You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under
Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections
-1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
+1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source
code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and
-2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
+2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
\item Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years,
to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically
performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of
the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of
Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange;
-or,
+or,
\item Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to
distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed
only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program
in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with
-Subsection b above.)
+Subsection b above.)
\end{enumerate}
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
@@ -3106,7 +3107,7 @@
to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to
copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of
the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy
-the source along with the object code.
+the source along with the object code.
\item You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except
as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to
@@ -3114,7 +3115,7 @@
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties
who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will
not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain
-in full compliance.
+in full compliance.
\item You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed
it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute
the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited
@@ -3122,13 +3123,13 @@
or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you
indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms
and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program
-or works based on it.
+or works based on it.
\item Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program),
the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor
to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and
conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients'
exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for
-enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.
+enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.
\item If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement
or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions
are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise)
@@ -3156,10 +3157,10 @@
to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance
on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor
to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any
-other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.
+other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed
-to be a consequence of the rest of this License.
+to be a consequence of the rest of this License.
\item If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain
countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original
@@ -3167,11 +3168,11 @@
an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,
so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus
excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as
-if written in the body of this License.
+if written in the body of this License.
\item The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions
will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
-detail to address new problems or concerns.
+detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
@@ -3188,7 +3189,7 @@
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software
-and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
+and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
\end{enumerate}
\subsection*{NO WARRANTY }
@@ -3203,7 +3204,7 @@
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE
PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME
-THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
\item[12.]IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED
TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY
@@ -3226,7 +3227,7 @@
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make
it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under
-these terms.
+these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
@@ -3236,50 +3237,50 @@
\begin{quote}
One line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.
-Copyright {\footnotesize © (}year) (name of author)
+Copyright {\footnotesize � (}year) (name of author)
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License,
-or (at your option) any later version.
+or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
-for more details.
+for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
-Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
+Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
\end{quote}
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
-mail.
+mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like
-this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+this when it starts in an interactive mode:
\begin{quote}
-Gnomovision version 69, Copyright © year name of author Gnomovision
+Gnomovision version 69, Copyright � year name of author Gnomovision
comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This
is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain
-conditions; type `show c' for details.
+conditions; type `show c' for details.
\end{quote}
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use
may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could
-even be mouse-clicks or menu items -- whatever suits your program.
+even be mouse-clicks or menu items -- whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
your school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program,
-if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
+if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
\begin{quote}
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
-`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
+`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
(signature of Ty Coon)\\
1 April 1989 \\
-Ty Coon, President of Vice
+Ty Coon, President of Vice
\end{quote}
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library,
Modified: seismo/3D/SPECFEM3D_SESAME/trunk/USER_MANUAL/manual_SPECFEM3D.tex
===================================================================
--- seismo/3D/SPECFEM3D_SESAME/trunk/USER_MANUAL/manual_SPECFEM3D.tex 2009-08-04 20:07:38 UTC (rev 15516)
+++ seismo/3D/SPECFEM3D_SESAME/trunk/USER_MANUAL/manual_SPECFEM3D.tex 2009-08-04 20:28:17 UTC (rev 15517)
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
\textbf{User Manual}}
-\author{© California Institute of Technology (USA) and\\
+\author{� California Institute of Technology (USA) and\\
University of Pau (France)\\
Version 1.4.4}
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@
\chapter{\label{cha:Getting-Started}Getting Started}
The SPECFEM3D software package comes in a gzipped tar ball. In the
-directory in which you want to install the package, type
+directory in which you want to install the package, type
\begin{lyxcode}
{\small tar~-zxvf~SPECFEM3D\_V1.4.4.tar.gz}{\small \par}
@@ -175,13 +175,13 @@
A summary of the most important configuration variables follows.
\begin{description}
-\item [{\texttt{F90}}] Path to the Fortran90 compiler.
-\item [{\texttt{MPIF90}}] Path to MPI Fortran90.
+\item [{\texttt{F90}}] Path to the Fortran90 compiler.
+\item [{\texttt{MPIF90}}] Path to MPI Fortran90.
\item [{\texttt{MPI\_FLAGS}}] Some systems require this flag to link to
-MPI libraries.
-\item [{\texttt{FLAGS\_CHECK}}] Compiler flag for non-critical subroutines.
+MPI libraries.
+\item [{\texttt{FLAGS\_CHECK}}] Compiler flag for non-critical subroutines.
\item [{\texttt{FLAGS\_NO\_CHECK}}] Compiler flag for creating fast, production-run
-code for critical subroutines.
+code for critical subroutines.
\end{description}
The \texttt{Makefile} contains a number of suggested entries for various
compilers, e.g., Portland, Intel, Absoft, NAG, and Lahey. The software
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
Now that you have set the compiler information, you need to select
a number of flags in the \texttt{constants.h} file depending on your
-system:
+system:
\begin{description}
\item [{\texttt{LOCAL\_PATH\_IS\_ALSO\_GLOBAL}}] Set to \texttt{.false.}
@@ -207,22 +207,22 @@
e.g., BlueGene or the Earth Simulator, and other systems have a fast
parallel file system, in which case this flag should be set to \texttt{.true.}.
Note that this flag is not used by the mesher or the solver; it is
-only used for some of the post-processing.
+only used for some of the post-processing.
\end{description}
The package can run either in single or in double precision. The default
is single precision mode because this requires exactly half as much
memory. Select your preference by selecting the appropriate setting
-in the \texttt{constants.h} file:
+in the \texttt{constants.h} file:
\begin{description}
\item [{\texttt{CUSTOM\_REAL}}] Set to \texttt{SIZE\_REAL} for single precision
-and \texttt{SIZE\_DOUBLE} for double precision.
+and \texttt{SIZE\_DOUBLE} for double precision.
\end{description}
-In the \texttt{precision.h} file:
+In the \texttt{precision.h} file:
\begin{description}
\item [{\texttt{CUSTOM\_MPI\_TYPE}}] Set to \texttt{MPI\_REAL} for single
-precision and \texttt{MPI\_DOUBLE\_PRECISION} for double precision.
+precision and \texttt{MPI\_DOUBLE\_PRECISION} for double precision.
\end{description}
On a new system, it is definitely worth experimenting with single
versus double precision simulations to determine which is faster.
@@ -291,24 +291,24 @@
all `longitude' parameters simply refer to the $x$~axis, and all
`latitude' parameters simply refer to the $y$~axis. To run the mesher
for a global simulation, the following parameters need to be set in
-the \texttt{Par\_file}:
+the \texttt{Par\_file}:
\begin{description}
\item [{\texttt{SIMULATION\_TYPE}}] is set to 1 for forward simulations,
2 for adjoint simulations (see Section \ref{sec:Adjoint-simulation-finite})
-and 3 for kernel simulations (see Section \ref{sec:Finite-Frequency-Kernels}).
+and 3 for kernel simulations (see Section \ref{sec:Finite-Frequency-Kernels}).
\item [{\texttt{SAVE\_FORWARD}}] is only set to \texttt{.true.} for a forward
simulation with the last frame of the simulation saved, as part of
the finite-frequency kernel calculations (see Section \ref{sec:Finite-Frequency-Kernels}).
For a regular forward simulation, leave \texttt{SIMULATION\_TYPE}
and \texttt{SAVE\_FORWARD} at their default values.
\item [{\texttt{LATITUDE\_MIN}}] Minimum latitude in the block (negative
-for South).
-\item [{\texttt{LATITUDE\_MAX}}] Maximum latitude in the block.
+for South).
+\item [{\texttt{LATITUDE\_MAX}}] Maximum latitude in the block.
\item [{\texttt{LONGITUDE\_MIN}}] Minimum longitude in the block (negative
-for West).
-\item [{\texttt{LONGITUDE\_MAX}}] Maximum longitude in the block.
-\item [{\texttt{DEPTH\_BLOCK\_KM}}] Depth of bottom of mesh in kilometers.
+for West).
+\item [{\texttt{LONGITUDE\_MAX}}] Maximum longitude in the block.
+\item [{\texttt{DEPTH\_BLOCK\_KM}}] Depth of bottom of mesh in kilometers.
\item [{$\nexxi$}] The number of spectral elements along one side of the
block. This number \textit{must} be 8~$\times$~a multiple of $\nprocxi$
defined below. Based upon benchmarks against semi-analytical discrete
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@
element, i.e., the number of Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre points, is determined
by \texttt{NGLLX} in the \texttt{constants.h} file. We generally use
$\mbox{\texttt{NGLLX\/}}=5$, for a total of $5^{3}=125$ points per
-elements. We suggest not to change this value.
+elements. We suggest not to change this value.
\item [{\texttt{\noun{UTM\_PROJECTION\_ZONE}}}] UTM projection zone in
which your model resides, only valid when \texttt{SUPPRESS\_UTM\_}~\\
\texttt{PROJECTION} is \texttt{.false.}.
@@ -334,15 +334,15 @@
region resides.}
\item [{$\nexeta$}] The number of spectral elements along the other side
of the block. This number \textit{must} be 8~$\times$~a multiple
-of $\nproceta$ defined below.
+of $\nproceta$ defined below.
\item [{$\nprocxi$}] The number of processors or slices along one side
of the block (see Figure~\ref{fig:For-parallel-computing}); we must
have $\nexxi=8\times c\times\nprocxi$, where $c\ge1$ is a positive
-integer.
+integer.
\item [{$\nproceta$}] The number of processors or slices along the other
side of the block; we must have $\nexeta=8\times c\times\nproceta$,
-where $c\ge1$ is a positive integer.
-\item [{\texttt{MODEL}}] Must be set to one of the following:
+where $c\ge1$ is a positive integer.
+\item [{\texttt{MODEL}}] Must be set to one of the following:
\begin{description}
\item [{\texttt{SoCal}}] Isotropic, southern California layercake model
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@
\item [{\texttt{Harvard\_LA}}] 3D model based upon the high-resolution
Los Angeles basin model developed by \citet{SuSh03} the Salton Trough
model developed by \citet{lovelyetal06}, the regional tomographic
-model of \citet{hauksson2000}, and the Moho map determined by \citet{zhu&kanamori2000}.
+model of \citet{hauksson2000}, and the Moho map determined by \citet{zhu&kanamori2000}.
\end{description}
\item [{\texttt{OCEANS}}] Set to \texttt{.true.} if the effect of the oceans
on seismic wave propagation should be incorporated based upon the
@@ -359,42 +359,42 @@
requirements and CPU time. This approximation is accurate at periods
of roughly 20~s and longer. At shorter periods the effect of water
phases/reverberations is not taken into account, even when the flag
-is on.
+is on.
\item [{\texttt{TOPOGRAPHY}}] Set to \texttt{.true.} if topography and
bathymetry should be incorporated based upon model ETOPO5 \citep{Etopo5}.
-This feature adds no cost to the simulation.
+This feature adds no cost to the simulation.
\item [{\texttt{ATTENUATION}}] Set to \texttt{.true.} if attenuation should
be incorporated. Turning this feature on increases the memory requirements
significantly (roughly by a factor of~1.5), and is numerically fairly
expensive. See \citet{KoTr99,KoTr02a} for a discussion on the implementation
-of attenuation based upon standard linear solids.
+of attenuation based upon standard linear solids.
\item [{\texttt{USE\_OLSEN\_ATTENUATION}}] Set to \texttt{.true.} if you
want to use the attenuation model that scaled from the velocity model
using Olsen's empirical relation (reference).
\item [{\texttt{ABSORBING\_CONDITIONS}}] Set to \texttt{.true.} to turn
-on Clayton-Enquist absorbing boundary conditions (see \citet{KoTr99}).
+on Clayton-Enquist absorbing boundary conditions (see \citet{KoTr99}).
\item [{\texttt{RECORD\_LENGTH\_IN\_MINUTES}}] Choose the desired record
length of the synthetic seismograms (in minutes). This controls the
length of the numerical simulation, i.e., twice the record length
requires twice as much CPU time. This feature is not used at the time
of meshing but is required for the solver, i.e., you may change this
-parameter after running the mesher.
+parameter after running the mesher.
\item [{\texttt{MOVIE\_SURFACE}}] Set to \texttt{.false.}, unless you want
to create a movie of seismic wave propagation on the Earth's surface.
Turning this option on generates large output files. See Section \ref{sec:Movies}
for a discussion on the generation of movies. This feature is not
-used at the time of meshing but is relevant for the solver.
+used at the time of meshing but is relevant for the solver.
\item [{\texttt{MOVIE\_VOLUME}}] Set to \texttt{.false.}, unless you want
to create a movie of seismic wave propagation in the Earth's interior.
Turning this option on generates huge output files. See Section \ref{sec:Movies}
for a discussion on the generation of movies. This feature is not
-used at the time of meshing but is relevant for the solver.
+used at the time of meshing but is relevant for the solver.
\item [{\texttt{NTSTEP\_BETWEEN\_FRAMES}}] Determines the number of timesteps
between movie frames. Typically you want to save a snapshot every
100 timesteps. The smaller you make this number the more output will
be generated! See Section \ref{sec:Movies} for a discussion on the
generation of movies. This feature is not used at the time of meshing
-but is relevant for the solver.
+but is relevant for the solver.
\item [{\texttt{CREATE\_SHAKEMAP}}] Set this flag to \texttt{.true.} to
create a ShakeMap\textregistered, i.e., a peak ground velocity map
of the maximum absolute value of the two horizontal components of the velocity vector.
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@
save AVS \url{www.avs.com}, OpenDX \url{www.opendx.org}, or ParaView \url{www.paraview.org}
mesh files for subsequent viewing. Turning the flag on generates large
(distributed) files in the \texttt{LOCAL\_PATH} directory. See Section~\ref{sec:Mesh-graphics}
-for a discussion of mesh viewing features.
+for a discussion of mesh viewing features.
\item [{\texttt{LOCAL\_PATH}}] Directory in which the databases generated
by the mesher will be written. Generally one uses a directory on the
local disk of the compute nodes, although on some machines these databases
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@
the mesh (see Figure~\ref{fig:For-parallel-computing}). After the
mesher finishes, you can log in to one of the compute nodes and view
the contents of the \texttt{LOCAL\_PATH} directory to see the (many)
-files generated by the mesher.
+files generated by the mesher.
\item [{\texttt{NTSTEP\_BETWEEN\_OUTPUT\_INFO}}] This parameter specifies
the interval at which basic information about a run is written to
the file system (\texttt{timestamp{*}} files in the \texttt{OUTPUT\_FILES}
@@ -428,17 +428,17 @@
to avoid writing output text files too often. This feature is not
used at the time of meshing. One can set this parameter to a larger
value than the number of time steps to avoid writing output during
-the run.
+the run.
\item [{\texttt{NTSTEP\_BETWEEN\_OUTPUT\_SEISMOS}}] This parameter specifies
the interval at which synthetic seismograms are written in the \texttt{LOCAL\_PATH}
directory. If a run crashes, you may still find usable (but shorter
than requested) seismograms in this directory. On a fast machine set
\texttt{NTSTEP\_BETWEEN\_OUTPUT\_SEISMOS} to a relatively high value
to avoid writing to the seismograms too often. This feature is not
-used at the time of meshing.
+used at the time of meshing.
\item [{\texttt{PRINT\_SOURCE\_TIME\_FUNCTION}}] Turn this flag on to print
information about the source time function in the file \texttt{OUTPUT\_FILES/plot\_source\_time\_function.txt}.
-This feature is not used at the time of meshing.
+This feature is not used at the time of meshing.
\end{description}
Finally, you need to provide a file that tells MPI what compute nodes
to use for the simulations. The file must have a number of entries
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@
This file is not used by the mesher or solver, but is required by
the \texttt{go\_mesher} and \texttt{go\_solver} default job submission
scripts. See Chapter~\ref{cha:Scheduler} for information about running
-the code on a system with a scheduler, e.g., LSF.
+the code on a system with a scheduler, e.g., LSF.
Now that you have set the appropriate parameters in the \texttt{Par\_file}
and have compiled the mesher, you are ready to launch it! This is
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@
Mesher output is provided in the \texttt{OUTPUT\_FILES} directory
in \texttt{output\_mesher.txt}; this file provides lots of details
about the mesh that was generated. Alternatively, output can be directed
-to the screen instead by uncommenting a line in \texttt{constants.h}:
+to the screen instead by uncommenting a line in \texttt{constants.h}:
\begin{lyxcode}
!~uncomment~this~to~write~messages~to~the~screen~
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@
The mesher writes MPI communication tables in the \texttt{OUTPUT\_FILES}
subdirectory in the files \texttt{addressing.txt}, \texttt{list\_messages\_corners.txt}
and \texttt{list\_messages\_faces.txt}, and MPI communication buffers
-to the local disks. Use the four serial codes
+to the local disks. Use the four serial codes
\begin{lyxcode}
check\_buffers\_2D.f90
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@
to check that all the MPI buffers created by the mesher have been
generated correctly. For example, typing `\texttt{make check\_buffers\_2D}'
and then `\texttt{xcheck\_buffers\_2D}' checks the communication buffers
-between faces common to the mesh slices.
+between faces common to the mesh slices.
\begin{quote}
Please note that running these codes is optional because no information
@@ -506,12 +506,12 @@
\section{\label{sec:quality}Checking the Mesh Quality (Optional)}
The quality of the mesh may be inspected based upon the serial code
-\texttt{check\_mesh\_quality\_AVS\_DX.f90}. Type
+\texttt{check\_mesh\_quality\_AVS\_DX.f90}. Type
\begin{lyxcode}
make~check\_mesh\_quality\_AVS\_DX
\end{lyxcode}
-and then use
+and then use
\begin{lyxcode}
xcheck\_mesh\_quality\_AVS\_DX
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@
the earthquake source parameter file \texttt{CMTSOLUTION}, and the
stations file \texttt{STATIONS}. Most parameters in the \texttt{Par\_file}
should be set prior to running the mesher. Only the following parameters
-may be changed after running the mesher:
+may be changed after running the mesher:
\begin{itemize}
\item the simulation type control parameters: \texttt{SIMULATION\_TYPE}
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@
\end{figure}
{\small \par}
\end{lyxcode}
-The \texttt{CMTSOLUTION} should be edited in the following way:
+The \texttt{CMTSOLUTION} should be edited in the following way:
\begin{itemize}
\item Set the \texttt{time shift} parameter equal to $0.0$ (the solver
@@ -614,13 +614,13 @@
make~convolve\_source\_timefunction
\end{lyxcode}
to compile the code and then set the parameter \texttt{hdur} in \texttt{convolve\_source\_timefunction.csh}
-to the desired half-duration.
+to the desired half-duration.
\item The zero time of the simulation corresponds to the center of the triangle/Gaussian,
or the centroid time of the earthquake. The start time of the simulation
is $t=-1.5*\texttt{half duration}$ (the 1.5 is to make sure the moment
rate function is very close to zero when starting the simulation).
-To convert to absolute time $t_{\mathrm{abs}}$, set
+To convert to absolute time $t_{\mathrm{abs}}$, set
\begin{lyxcode}
$t_{\mathrm{abs}}=t_{\mathrm{pde}}+\texttt{time shift}+t_{\mathrm{synthetic}}$
@@ -634,14 +634,14 @@
%
\begin{figure}
\noindent \begin{centering}
-\includegraphics[width=3in]{figures/gauss_vs_triangle_mod.eps}
+\includegraphics[width=3in]{figures/gauss_vs_triangle_mod.eps}
\par\end{centering}
\caption{Comparison of the shape of a triangle and the Gaussian function actually
used.}
-\label{fig:gauss.vs.triangle}
+\label{fig:gauss.vs.triangle}
\end{figure}
@@ -650,6 +650,7 @@
Of course you may provide your own source representations by designing
your own \texttt{CMTSOLUTION} file. Just make sure that the resulting
file adheres to the Harvard CMT conventions (see Appendix~\ref{cha:Coordinates}).
+Note that the first line in the \texttt{CMTSOLUTION} file is the Preliminary Determination of Earthquakes (PDE) solution performed by the USGS NEIC, which is used as a seed for the Harvard CMT inversion. The PDE solution is based upon P waves and often gives the hypocenter of the earthquake, i.e., the rupture initiation point, whereas the CMT solution gives the `centroid location', which is the location with dominant moment release. The PDE solution is not used by our software package but must be present anyway in the first line of the file.
\label{To-simulate-a}To simulate a kinematic rupture, i.e., a finite-source
event, represented in terms of $N_{\mathrm{sources}}$ point sources,
@@ -694,7 +695,7 @@
The solver can calculate seismograms at any number of stations for
basically the same numerical cost, so the user is encouraged to include
as many stations as conceivably useful in the \texttt{STATIONS} file,
-which looks like this:
+which looks like this:
{\small }%
\begin{figure}[H]
@@ -712,7 +713,7 @@
\end{figure}
{\small \par}
-Each line represents one station in the following format:
+Each line represents one station in the following format:
\begin{lyxcode}
{\small Station~Network~Latitude~(degrees)~Longitude~(degrees)~Elevation~(m)~burial~(m)~}{\small \par}
@@ -725,7 +726,7 @@
Solver output is provided in the \texttt{OUTPUT\_FILES} directory
in the \texttt{output\_solver.txt} file. Output can be directed to
-the screen instead by uncommenting a line in \texttt{constants.h}:
+the screen instead by uncommenting a line in \texttt{constants.h}:
\begin{lyxcode}
!~uncomment~this~to~write~messages~to~the~screen~
@@ -738,7 +739,7 @@
While the solver is running, its progress may be tracked by monitoring
the `\texttt{\small timestamp{*}}' files in the \texttt{\small OUTPUT\_FILES}
-directory. These tiny files look something like this:
+directory. These tiny files look something like this:
\begin{lyxcode}
Time~step~\#~~~~~~~~~~10000~
@@ -815,7 +816,7 @@
with respect to these source parameters can be computed by placing
time-reversed seismograms at the receivers and using them as sources
in an adjoint simulation, and then the value of the gradient is obtained
-from the adjoint seismograms recorded at the original earthquake location.
+from the adjoint seismograms recorded at the original earthquake location.
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Prepare the adjoint sources} \label{enu:Prepare-the-adjoint}
@@ -835,7 +836,7 @@
\item Then select the stations for which you want to compute the time-reversed
adjoint sources and run the adjoint simulation, and compile them into
the \texttt{DATA/STATIONS\_ADJOINT} file, which has the same format
-as the regular \texttt{DATA/STATIONS} file.
+as the regular \texttt{DATA/STATIONS} file.
\begin{itemize}
\item Depending on what type of misfit function is used for the source inversion,
@@ -844,7 +845,7 @@
with the format \texttt{STA.NT.BH?.adj}, where \texttt{STA}, \texttt{NT}
are the station name and network code given in the \texttt{DATA/STATIONS\_ADJOINT}
file, and \texttt{BH?} represents the component name of a particular
-adjoint seismogram.
+adjoint seismogram.
\item The adjoint seismograms are in the same format as the original seismogram
(\texttt{STA.NT.BH?.sem?}), with the same start time, time interval
and record length.
@@ -856,7 +857,7 @@
\item Also note that since time-reversal is done in the code itself, no
explicit time-reversing is needed for the preparation of the adjoint
sources, i.e., the adjoint sources are in the same forward time sense
-as the original recorded seismograms.
+as the original recorded seismograms.
\end{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Set the related parameters and run the adjoint simulation}\\
In the \texttt{DATA/Par\_file}, set the two related parameters to
@@ -868,7 +869,7 @@
After the adjoint simulation has completed successfully, collect the
-seismograms from \texttt{LOCAL\_PATH}.
+seismograms from \texttt{LOCAL\_PATH}.
\begin{itemize}
\item These adjoint seismograms are recorded at the locations of the original
@@ -876,10 +877,10 @@
have names of the form \texttt{S?????.NT.S??.sem} for the six-component
strain tensor (\texttt{SNN,SEE,SZZ,SNE,SNZ,SEZ}) at these locations,
and \texttt{S?????.NT.BH?.sem} for the three-component displacements
-(\texttt{BHN,BHE,BHZ}) recorded at these locations.
+(\texttt{BHN,BHE,BHZ}) recorded at these locations.
\item \texttt{S?????} denotes the source number; for example, if the original
\texttt{CMTSOLUTION} provides only a point source, then the seismograms
-collected will start with \texttt{S00001}.
+collected will start with \texttt{S00001}.
\item These adjoint seismograms provide critical information for the computation
of the gradient of the misfit function.
\end{itemize}
@@ -900,33 +901,33 @@
files, set the parameters \texttt{\small SIMULATION\_TYPE}{\small{}
}\texttt{\small =}{\small{} }\texttt{\small 1} and \texttt{\small SAVE\_FORWARD
=}{\small{} }\texttt{\small .true.} in the \texttt{Par\_file} (\texttt{change\_simulation\_type
--F}), and run the solver.
+-F}), and run the solver.
\begin{itemize}
\item Notice that attenuation is not implemented yet for the computation
of finite-frequency kernels; therefore set \texttt{ATTENUATION = .false.}
-in the \texttt{Par\_file}.
+in the \texttt{Par\_file}.
\item We also suggest you modify the half duration of the \texttt{CMTSOLUTION}
to be similar to the accuracy of the simulation (see Equation \ref{eq:shortest_period})
to avoid too much high-frequency noise in the forward wavefield, although
theoretically the high-frequency noise should be eliminated when convolved
-with an adjoint wavefield with the proper frequency content.
+with an adjoint wavefield with the proper frequency content.
\item This forward simulation differs from the regular simulations (\texttt{\small SIMULATION\_TYPE}{\small{}
}\texttt{\small =}{\small{} }\texttt{\small 1} and \texttt{\small SAVE\_FORWARD}{\small{}
}\texttt{\small =}{\small{} }\texttt{\small .false.}) described in
the previous chapters in that the state variables for the last time
step of the simulation, including wavefields of the displacement,
velocity, acceleration, etc., are saved to the \texttt{LOCAL\_PATH}
-to be used for the subsequent simulation.
+to be used for the subsequent simulation.
\item For regional simulations, the files recording the absorbing boundary
contribution are also written to the \texttt{LOCAL\_PATH} when \texttt{SAVE\_FORWARD
-= .true.}.
+= .true.}.
\end{itemize}
\item \textbf{Prepare the adjoint sources}
The adjoint sources need to be prepared the same way as described
-in the Section \ref{enu:Prepare-the-adjoint}.
+in the Section \ref{enu:Prepare-the-adjoint}.
\begin{itemize}
\item In the case of travel-time finite-frequency kernel for one source-receiver
@@ -934,7 +935,7 @@
in the \texttt{STATIONS\_ADJOINT} list, we supply a sample program
in \texttt{UTILS/xcut\_velocity} to cut a certain portion of the original
displacement seismograms and convert it into the proper adjoint source
-to compute the finite-frequency kernel.
+to compute the finite-frequency kernel.
\begin{lyxcode}
xcut\_velocity~t1~t2~ifile{[}0-5]~E/N/Z-ascii-files~{[}baz]
@@ -955,20 +956,20 @@
With the successful forward simulation and the adjoint source ready
in \texttt{SEM/}, set \texttt{SIMULATION\_TYPE = 3} and \texttt{SAVE\_FORWARD
= .false.} in the \texttt{Par\_file(change\_simulation\_type.pl -b),}
-and rerun the solver.
+and rerun the solver.
\begin{itemize}
\item The adjoint simulation is launched together with the back reconstruction
of the original forward wavefield from the state variables saved from
the previous forward simulation, and the finite-frequency kernels
are computed by the interaction of the reconstructed forward wavefield
-and the adjoint wavefield.
+and the adjoint wavefield.
\item The back-reconstructed seismograms at the original station locations
are saved to the \texttt{LOCAL\_PATH} at the end of the kernel simulations,
-and can be collected to the local disk.
+and can be collected to the local disk.
\item These back-constructed seismograms can be compared with the time-reversed
original seismograms to assess the accuracy of the backward reconstruction,
-and they should match very well.
+and they should match very well.
\item The arrays for density, P-wave speed and S-wave speed kernels are
also saved in the \texttt{LOCAL\_PATH} with the names \texttt{proc??????\_rho(alpha,beta)\_kernel.bin},
where \texttt{proc??????} represents the processor number, \texttt{rho(alpha,beta)}
@@ -1015,7 +1016,7 @@
be accomplished by selecting a CMT \texttt{HALF\_DURATION} > 1.1 $\times$
smallest period (see figure \ref{fig:CMTSOLUTION-file}). When \texttt{MOVIE\_SURFACE}
= .\texttt{true.}, the half duration of each source in the \texttt{CMTSOLUTION}
-file is replaced by
+file is replaced by
\begin{quote}
\[
@@ -1042,7 +1043,7 @@
will prompt the user for input parameters. The second program \texttt{create\_movie\_GMT.f90}
outputs ascii xyz files, convenient for use with GMT. This code uses
significantly less memory than \texttt{create\_movie\_AVS\_DX.f90}
-and is therefore useful for high resolution runs.
+and is therefore useful for high resolution runs.
The \texttt{SPECFEM3D} code is running in near real-time to produce
animations of southern California earthquakes via the web; see Southern California ShakeMovie\textregistered \url{www.shakemovie.caltech.edu}.
@@ -1066,13 +1067,13 @@
up too much storage space (at least tens of gigabytes). Since the
sensitivity kernels are the strongest along the source-receiver great
circle path, it is sufficient to collect only the slices that are
-along or close to the great circle path.
+along or close to the great circle path.
A Perl script \texttt{UTILS/slice\_number.pl} that calls MATLAB can
help to figure out the slice numbers that lie along the great circle
path (both the minor and major arcs), as well as the slice numbers
required to produce a full picture of the inner core if your kernel
-also illuminates the inner core.
+also illuminates the inner core.
\begin{enumerate}
\item On machines where you have MATLAB access, copy the \texttt{CMTSOLUTION}
@@ -1090,7 +1091,7 @@
After obtaining the slice files, you can collect the corresponding
-kernel files from the given slices.
+kernel files from the given slices.
\begin{enumerate}
\item You can use or modify the script \texttt{UTILS/copy\_databases.pl}
@@ -1104,7 +1105,7 @@
(e.g., \texttt{\small rho\_kernel}, \texttt{\small alpha\_kernel}
and \texttt{\small beta\_kernel}), and the optional \texttt{\small jobid}
is the name of the subdirectory under \texttt{\small LOCAL\_PATH}
-where all the kernel files are stored.
+where all the kernel files are stored.
\item After executing this script, all the necessary mesh topology files
as well as the kernel array files are collected to the local directory
@@ -1114,7 +1115,7 @@
We use an auxilliary program \texttt{combine\_paraview\_data.f90}
-to combine the kernel files from all slices into one mesh file.
+to combine the kernel files from all slices into one mesh file.
\begin{enumerate}
\item Compile it in the global code directory:
@@ -1126,11 +1127,11 @@
\end{lyxcode}
where \texttt{input\_dir} is the directory where all the individual
kernel files are stored, and \texttt{output\_dir} is where the mesh
-file will be written.
+file will be written.
\item Use 1 for a high-resolution mesh, outputting all the GLL points to
the mesh file, or use 0 for low resolution, outputting only the corner
-points of the elements to the mesh file.
+points of the elements to the mesh file.
\item The output mesh file will have the name \texttt{filename\_rho(alpha,beta).mesh}
\end{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Convert mesh files into .vtu files}
@@ -1153,7 +1154,7 @@
In the case of a single source and a single receiver, the simulation
also generates the \texttt{OUTPUT\_FILES/sr.vtk} file to describe
the source and receiver locations, which can also be viewed in Paraview
-in the next step.
+in the next step.
\item \textbf{View the mesh in ParaView}
@@ -1171,13 +1172,13 @@
\end{itemize}
\item Click \textsf{Display Tab} $\rightarrow$ \textsf{Display Style} $\rightarrow$
\textsf{Representation} and select \textsf{wireframe of surface} to
-display it.
+display it.
\item To create a cross-section of the volumetric mesh, choose \textsf{Filter}
$\rightarrow$ \textsf{cut}, and under \textsf{Parameters Tab}, choose
-\textsf{Cut Function} $\rightarrow$ \textsf{plane}.
+\textsf{Cut Function} $\rightarrow$ \textsf{plane}.
\item Fill in center and normal information given by the \texttt{global\_slice\_number.pl}
script (either from the standard output or from \texttt{normal\_plane.txt}
-file).
+file).
\item To change the color scale, go to \textsf{Display Tab} $\rightarrow$
\textsf{Color} $\rightarrow$ \textsf{Edit Color Map} and reselect
lower and upper limits, or change the color scheme.
@@ -1214,7 +1215,7 @@
most of which use schedulers, i.e., queuing or batch management systems
to manage the running of jobs from a large number of users. The following
considerations need to be taken into account when running on a system
-that uses a scheduler:
+that uses a scheduler:
\begin{itemize}
\item The processors/nodes to be used for each run are assigned dynamically
@@ -1222,7 +1223,7 @@
mesher and the solver (or between successive runs of the solver) to
have access to the same database files (if they are stored on hard
drives local to the nodes on which the code is run), they must be
-launched in sequence as a single job.
+launched in sequence as a single job.
\item On some systems, the nodes to which running jobs are assigned are
not configured for compilation. It may therefore be necessary to pre-compile
both the mesher and the solver. A small program provided in the distribution
@@ -1232,12 +1233,12 @@
to run the mesher (type \texttt{\small `make}{\small{} }\texttt{\small create\_header\_}~\\
\texttt{\small file}' to compile it and `\texttt{\small xcreate\_header\_file}'
to run it; refer to the sample scripts below). The solver can now
-be compiled as explained above.
+be compiled as explained above.
\item One feature of schedulers/queuing systems is that they allow submission
of multiple jobs in a ``launch and forget'' mode. In order to take
advantage of this property, care needs to be taken that output and
intermediate files from separate jobs do not overwrite each other,
-or otherwise interfere with other running jobs.
+or otherwise interfere with other running jobs.
\end{itemize}
We describe here in some detail a job submission procedure for the
Caltech 1024-node cluster, CITerra, under the LSF scheduling system.
@@ -1247,7 +1248,7 @@
\texttt{\small .bash}, which contains the instructions that make up
the job itself. These scripts can be found in \texttt{\small UTILS/}
directory and can straightforwardly be modified and adapted to meet
-more specific running needs.
+more specific running needs.
\section{\texttt{run\_lsf.bash}}
@@ -1404,7 +1405,7 @@
for details). The kernel simulations output the back-reconstructed
synthetic seismogram in the name \texttt{STA.NT.BH?.semd}, mainly
for the purpose of checking the accuracy of the reconstruction. Refer
-to Section \ref{sec:Adjoint-simulation-finite} for further details.
+to Section \ref{sec:Adjoint-simulation-finite} for further details.
To collect the synthetics onto the frontend, you can use the \texttt{UTILS/collect\_seismo.pl}
machines script:
@@ -1574,20 +1575,20 @@
OpenDX \url{http://www.opendx.org} is open-source based on IBM Data
Explorer, AVS \url{http://www.avs.com} is a trademark of Advanced
Visualization Systems, and ParaView \url{http://www.paraview.com}
-is an open-source visualization platform.
+is an open-source visualization platform.
The main developers of the \texttt{SPECFEM3D} source code are Dimitri
Komatitsch, Jeroen Tromp, and Qinya Liu. The following individuals
(listed in alphabetical order) have also contributed to the development
-or improvement of the source code: Min Chen, Vala Hjörleifsdóttir,
+or improvement of the source code: Min Chen, Vala Hj�rleifsd�ttir,
Jes\'us Labarta, and Leif Strand. The following individuals (listed in alphabetical
-order) contributed to this manual: Min Chen, Vala Hjörleifsdóttir,
+order) contributed to this manual: Min Chen, Vala Hj�rleifsd�ttir,
Sue Kientz, Dimitri Komatitsch, Qinya Liu, Alessia Maggi,
Carl Tape, and Jeroen Tromp. The manual's cover graphic was created
by Santiago Lombeyda from Caltech's Center for Advanced Computing Research (CACR) \url{http://www.cacr.caltech.edu/}.
Please e-mail your feedback, questions, comments, and suggestions
-to Jeroen Tromp \url{jtromp-AT-gps.caltech.edu} or to the CIG Computational Seismology Mailing List \url{cig-seismo at geodynamics.org}.
+to Jeroen Tromp \url{jtromp-AT-gps.caltech.edu} or to the CIG Computational Seismology Mailing List \url{cig-seismo at geodynamics.org}.
\chapter*{Copyright}
@@ -1597,7 +1598,7 @@
Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA,
and University of Pau, France
-© California Institute of Technology and University of Pau, April 2009
+� California Institute of Technology and University of Pau, April 2009
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
@@ -1611,28 +1612,28 @@
\chapter{\label{cha:Coordinates}Reference Frame Convention}
The code uses the following convention for the Cartesian reference
-frame:
+frame:
\begin{itemize}
-\item the $x$ axis points East
-\item the $y$ axis points North
-\item the $z$ axis points up
+\item the $x$ axis points East
+\item the $y$ axis points North
+\item the $z$ axis points up
\end{itemize}
Note that this convention is different from both the \citet{AkRi80}
convention and the Harvard Centroid-Moment Tensor (CMT) convention.
-The Aki \& Richards convention is
+The Aki \& Richards convention is
\begin{itemize}
-\item the $x$ axis points North
-\item the $y$ axis points East
-\item the $z$ axis points down
+\item the $x$ axis points North
+\item the $y$ axis points East
+\item the $z$ axis points down
\end{itemize}
-and the Harvard CMT convention is
+and the Harvard CMT convention is
\begin{itemize}
-\item the $x$ axis points South
-\item the $y$ axis points East
-\item the $z$ axis points up
+\item the $x$ axis points South
+\item the $y$ axis points East
+\item the $z$ axis points up
\end{itemize}
\chapter{\label{cha:License}License }
@@ -1675,7 +1676,7 @@
We protect your rights with two steps:
\begin{enumerate}
-\item Copyright the software, and
+\item Copyright the software, and
\item Offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute
and/or modify the software.
\end{enumerate}
@@ -1690,7 +1691,7 @@
We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program
will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program
proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent
-must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
+must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification
follow.
@@ -1716,7 +1717,7 @@
the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is
covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program
(independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether
-that is true depends on what the Program does.
+that is true depends on what the Program does.
\end{itemize}
@@ -1726,25 +1727,25 @@
and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice
and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer
to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other
-recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.
+recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for
-a fee.
+a fee.
\item You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of
it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute
such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided
-that you also meet all of these conditions:
+that you also meet all of these conditions:
\begin{enumerate}
\item You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating
-that you changed the files and the date of any change.
+that you changed the files and the date of any change.
\item You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole
or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof,
to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under
-the terms of this License.
+the terms of this License.
\item If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when
run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive
use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement
@@ -1753,7 +1754,7 @@
users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling
the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program
itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement,
-your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
+your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
\end{enumerate}
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable
sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be
@@ -1763,37 +1764,37 @@
same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program,
the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License,
whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole,
-and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
+and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is
to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
-collective works based on the Program.
+collective works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume
of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work
-under the scope of this License.
+under the scope of this License.
\item You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under
Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections
-1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
+1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source
code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and
-2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
+2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
\item Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years,
to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically
performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of
the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of
Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange;
-or,
+or,
\item Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to
distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed
only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program
in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with
-Subsection b above.)
+Subsection b above.)
\end{enumerate}
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
@@ -1810,7 +1811,7 @@
to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to
copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of
the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy
-the source along with the object code.
+the source along with the object code.
\item You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except
as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to
@@ -1818,7 +1819,7 @@
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties
who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will
not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain
-in full compliance.
+in full compliance.
\item You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed
it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute
the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited
@@ -1826,13 +1827,13 @@
or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you
indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms
and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program
-or works based on it.
+or works based on it.
\item Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program),
the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor
to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and
conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients'
exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for
-enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.
+enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.
\item If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement
or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions
are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise)
@@ -1860,10 +1861,10 @@
to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance
on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor
to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any
-other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.
+other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed
-to be a consequence of the rest of this License.
+to be a consequence of the rest of this License.
\item If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain
countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original
@@ -1871,11 +1872,11 @@
an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,
so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus
excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as
-if written in the body of this License.
+if written in the body of this License.
\item The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions
will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
-detail to address new problems or concerns.
+detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
@@ -1892,7 +1893,7 @@
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software
-and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
+and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
\end{enumerate}
\subsection*{NO WARRANTY }
@@ -1907,7 +1908,7 @@
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE
PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME
-THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
\item[12.]IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED
TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY
@@ -1930,7 +1931,7 @@
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make
it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under
-these terms.
+these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
@@ -1940,50 +1941,50 @@
\begin{quote}
One line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.
-Copyright {\footnotesize © (}year) (name of author)
+Copyright {\footnotesize � (}year) (name of author)
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License,
-or (at your option) any later version.
+or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
-for more details.
+for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
-Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
+Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
\end{quote}
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
-mail.
+mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like
-this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+this when it starts in an interactive mode:
\begin{quote}
-Gnomovision version 69, Copyright © year name of author Gnomovision
+Gnomovision version 69, Copyright � year name of author Gnomovision
comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This
is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain
-conditions; type `show c' for details.
+conditions; type `show c' for details.
\end{quote}
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use
may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could
-even be mouse-clicks or menu items -- whatever suits your program.
+even be mouse-clicks or menu items -- whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
your school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program,
-if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
+if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
\begin{quote}
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
-`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
+`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
(signature of Ty Coon)\\
1 April 1989 \\
-Ty Coon, President of Vice
+Ty Coon, President of Vice
\end{quote}
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library,
More information about the CIG-COMMITS
mailing list