We use SPECFEM3D Cartesian FROM SOURCE ( Komatitsch and Tromp, 2002; Komatitsch and Tromp, 2002; Komatitsch et al., 9999) published under the GPL 3 license.

We thank the Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics (http://geodynamics.org) which is funded by the National Science Foundation under awards EAR-0949446 and EAR-1550901.

Komatitsch, D.; Vilotte, J.-P.; Tromp, J.; Ampuero, J.-P.; Bai, K.; Basini, P.; Blitz, C.; Bozdag, E.; Casarotti, E.; Charles, J.; Chen, M.; Galvez, P.; Goddeke, D.; Hjorleifsdottir, V.; Labarta, J.; Le Goff, N.; Le Loher, P.; Lefebvre, M.; Liu, Q.; Luo, Y.; Maggi, A.; Magnoni, F.; Martin, R.; Matzen, R.; McRitchie, D.; Meschede, M.; Messmer, P.; Michea, D.; Nadh Somala, S.; Nissen-Meyer, T.; Peter, D.; Rietmann, M.; de Andrade, E.S. ; Savage, B.; Schuberth, B.; Sieminski, A.; Strand, L.; Tape, C.; Xie, Z.; Zhu, H. (9999), SPECFEM3D Cartesian [software], doi: GITHASH8, url: https://geodynamics.org

Komatitsch, D.; Tromp, J. (2002a), Spectral-element simulations of global seismic wave propagation-I. Validation, Geophysical Journal International, 149 (2) , 390-412, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01653.x, url: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01653.x

Komatitsch, D.; Tromp, J. (2002b), Spectral-element simulations of global seismic wave propagation–II. Three-dimensional models, oceans, rotation and self-gravitation, Geophysical Journal International, 150 (1) , 303-318.

If you compute on GPU graphics cards for acoustic or seismic wave propagation applications, please cite one or more of the following:

• Komatitsch, D. (2011), Fluid-solid coupling on a cluster of GPU graphics cards for seismic wave propagation, Comptes Rendus Mécanique, 339 (2-3) , 125-135, doi: 10.1016/j.crme.2010.11.007, url: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1631072110002081
• Michéa, D.; Komatitsch, D. (2010), Accelerating a three-dimensional finite-difference wave propagation code using GPU graphics cards: Accelerating a wave propagation code using GPUs, Geophysical Journal International, 182 (1) , 389-402, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04616.x, url: http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04616.x
• Komatitsch, D.; Michéa, D.; Erlebacher, G. (2009), Porting a high-order finite-element earthquake modeling application to NVIDIA graphics cards using CUDA, Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 69 (5) , 451-460, doi: 10.1016/j.jpdc.2009.01.006, url: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0743731509000069
• Komatitsch, D.; Erlebacher, G.; Göddeke, D.; Michéa, D. (2010), High-order finite-element seismic wave propagation modeling with MPI on a large GPU cluster, Journal of Computational Physics, 229 (20) , 7692-7714, doi: 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.06.024, url: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0021999110003396

If you use this new version, which has non-blocking MPI for much better performance for medium or large runs, please cite at least one of these six articles, in which results of non -blocking MPI runs are presented:

• Peter, D.; Komatitsch, D.; Luo, Y.; Martin, R.; Le Goff, N.; Casarotti, E.; Le Loher, P.; Magnoni, F.; Liu, Q.; Blitz, C.; Nissen-Meyer, T.; Basini, P.; Tromp, J. (2011), Forward and adjoint simulations of seismic wave propagation on fully unstructured hexahedral meshes: SPECFEM3D Version 2.0 'Sesame', Geophysical Journal International, 186 (2) , 721-739, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05044.x, url: http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05044.x
• Komatitsch, D.; Erlebacher, G.; Göddeke, D.; Michéa, D. (2010), High-order finite-element seismic wave propagation modeling with MPI on a large GPU cluster, Journal of Computational Physics, 229 (20) , 7692-7714, doi: 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.06.024, url: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0021999110003396
• Komatitsch, D.; Vinnik, L.P.; Chevrot, S. (2010), SHdiff-SVdiff splitting in an isotropic Earth, Journal of Geophysical Research, 115 (B7) , doi: 10.1029/2009JB006795, url: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2009JB006795
• Komatitsch, D. (2011), Fluid-solid coupling on a cluster of GPU graphics cards for seismic wave propagation, Comptes Rendus Mécanique, 339 (2-3) , 125-135, doi: 10.1016/j.crme.2010.11.007, url: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1631072110002081
• Carrington, L.; Komatitsch, D.; Laurenzano, M.; Tikir, M.M.; Michea, D.; Goff, N.L.; Snavely, A.; Tromp, J. (2008), High-frequency simulations of global seismic wave propagation using SPECFEM3D_GLOBE on 62K processors, High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, 2008. SC 2008. International Conference for, 1-11, doi: 10.1109/SC.2008.5215501
• Martin, R.; Komatitsch, D.; Blitz, C.; Le Goff, N. (2008), Simulation of seismic wave propagation in an asteroid based upon an unstructured MPI spectral-element method: blocking and non-blocking communication strategies, International Conference on High Performance Computing for Computational Science, 350-363.

If you work on simulations in Southern California, you may be interested in citing one or more of the following:

• Komatitsch, D. (2004), Simulations of Ground Motion in the Los Angeles Basin Based upon the Spectral-Element Method, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 94 (1) , 187-206, doi: 10.1785/0120030077, url: http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/doi/10.1785/0120030077
• Krishnan, S. (2006), Case Studies of Damage to Tall Steel Moment-Frame Buildings in Southern California during Large San Andreas Earthquakes, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 96 (4a) , 1523-1537, doi: 10.1785/0120050145, url: http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/doi/10.1785/0120050145
• Krishnan, S.; Ji, C.; Komatitsch, D.; Tromp, J. (2006), Performance of Two 18-Story Steel Moment-Frame Buildings in Southern California During Two Large Simulated San Andreas Earthquakes, Earthquake Spectra, 22 (4) , 1035-1061, doi: 10.1193/1.2360698, url: http://earthquakespectra.org/doi/abs/10.1193/1.2360698

If you use the 3D Southern California model,you may be interested in citing one or more of the following:

• Suss, M.P.; Shaw, J.H. (2003), P wave seismic velocity structure derived from sonic logs and industry reflection data in the Los Angeles basin, California, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 108 (B3) , 2170, Wiley Online Library, doi: 10.1029/2001JB001628
• Lovely, P.; Shaw, J.H.; Liu, Q.; Tromp, J. (2006), A structural VP model of the Salton Trough, California, and its implications for seismic hazard, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 96 (5) , 1882-1896, Seismological Society of America.
• Hauksson, E. (2000), Crustal structure and seismicity distribution adjacent to the Pacific and North American plate boundary in southern California, Journal of Geophysical Research B, 105 (B6) , 13875-13903, American Geophysical Union.Zhu, L.; Kanamori, H. (2000), Moho depth variation in southern California from teleseismic receiver functions, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 105 (B2) , 2969-2980, Wiley Online Library.
• Dreger, D.S.; Helmberger, D.V. (1990), Broadband modeling of local earthquakes, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 80 (5) , 1162-1179, Seismological Society of America.

If you use anisotropy, you may be interested in citing one or more of the following:

• Chen, M.; Tromp, J. (2007), Theoretical and numerical investigations of global and regional seismic wave propagation in weakly anisotropic earth models, Geophysical Journal International, 168 (3) , 1130-1152, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03218.x, url: http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03218.x
• Ji, C. (2005), Rayleigh-Wave Multipathing along the West Coast of North America, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 95 (6) , 2115-2124, doi: 10.1785/0120040180, url: http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/doi/10.1785/0120040180
• Chevrot, S.; Favier, N.; Komatitsch, D. (2004), Shear wave splitting in three-dimensional anisotropic media, Geophysical Journal International, 159 (2) , 711-720, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02432.x, url: http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02432.x
• Favier, N.; Chevrot, S.; Komatitsch, D. (2004), Near-field influence on shear wave splitting and traveltime sensitivity kernels, Geophysical Journal International, 156 (3) , 467-482, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02178.x, url: http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02178.x
• Ritsema, J.; Rivera, L.A.; Komatitsch, D.; Tromp, J.; van Heijst, H.-J. (2002), Effects of crust and mantle heterogeneity on PP/P and SS/S amplitude ratios, Geophysical Research Letters, 29 (10) , 72-1-72-4, doi: 10.1029/2001GL013831, url: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2001GL013831
• Tromp, J.; Komatitsch, D. (2000), Spectral-element simulations of wave propagation in a laterally homogeneous Earth model, Problems in Geophysics for the New Millennium, INGV, 351-372, Ingv.

If you use topography, you may be interested in citing one or more of the following:

• Lee, S.-J.; Komatitsch, D.; Huang, B.-S.; Tromp, J. (2009), Effects of Topography on Seismic-Wave Propagation: An Example from Northern Taiwan, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99 (1) , 314-325, doi: 10.1785/0120080020, url: http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/doi/10.1785/0120080020
• Lee, S.-J.; Chan, Y.-C.; Komatitsch, D.; Huang, B.-S.; Tromp, J. (2009), Effects of Realistic Surface Topography on Seismic Ground Motion in the Yangminshan Region of Taiwan Based Upon the Spectral-Element Method and LiDAR DTM, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99 (2a) , 681-693, doi: 10.1785/0120080264, url: http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/doi/10.1785/0120080264
• Lee, S.-J.; Chen, H.-W.; Liu, Q.; Komatitsch, D.; Huang, B.-S.; Tromp, J. (2008), Three-Dimensional Simulations of Seismic-Wave Propagation in the Taipei Basin with Realistic Topography Based upon the Spectral-Element Method, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 98 (1) , 253-264, doi: 10.1785/0120070033, url: http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/doi/10.1785/0120070033
• Godinho, L.; Amado Mendes, P.; Tadeu, A.; Cadena-Isaza, A.; Smerzini, C.; Sanchez-Sesma, F.J.; Madec, R.; Komatitsch, D. (2009), Numerical Simulation of Ground Rotations along 2D Topographical Profiles under the Incidence of Elastic Plane Waves, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99 (2b) , 1147-1161, doi: 10.1785/0120080096, url: http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/doi/10.1785/0120080096
• van Wijk, K.; Komatitsch, D.; Scales, J.A.; Tromp, J. (2004), Analysis of strong scattering at the micro-scale, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 115 (3) , 1006, doi: 10.1121/1.1647480, url: http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/115/3/10.1121/1.1647480

If you use the C-PML absorbing layer capabilities of the code, please cite at least one article written by the developers of the package, for instance:

• Xie, Z.; Komatitsch, D.; Martin, R.; Matzen, R. (2014), Improved forward wave propagation and adjoint-based sensitivity kernel calculations using a numerically stable finite-element PML, Geophysical Journal International, 198 (3) , 1714-1747, doi: 10.1093/gji/ggu219, url: http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/gji/ggu219
• Xie, Z.; Matzen, R.; Cristini, P.; Komatitsch, D.; Martin, R. (2016), A perfectly matched layer for fluid-solid problems: Application to ocean-acoustics simulations with solid ocean bottoms, jasa, 140 (1) , 165-175, doi: 10.1121/1.4954736

If you use the attenuation (anelastic/viscoelastic) capabilities of the code, please cite at least one article written by the developers of the package, for instance:

• Blanc, E.; Komatitsch, D.; Chaljub, E.; Lombard, B.; Xie, Z. (2016), Highly accurate stability-preserving optimization of the Zener viscoelastic model, with application to wave propagation in the presence of strong attenuation, Geophysical Journal International, 205 (1) , 427-439, doi: 10.1093/gji/ggw024, url: http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/content/205/1/427.abstract

If you use the kernel capabilities of the code, please cite at least one article written by the developers of the package, for instance:

• Tromp, J.; Komatitsch, D.; Liu, Q. (2008), Spectral-element and adjoint methods in seismology, Communications in Computational Physics, 3 (1) , 1-32.
• Peter, D.; Komatitsch, D.; Luo, Y.; Martin, R.; Le Goff, N.; Casarotti, E.; Le Loher, P.; Magnoni, F.; Liu, Q.; Blitz, C.; Nissen-Meyer, T.; Basini, P.; Tromp, J. (2011), Forward and adjoint simulations of seismic wave propagation on fully unstructured hexahedral meshes: SPECFEM3D Version 2.0 'Sesame', Geophysical Journal International, 186 (2) , 721-739, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05044.x, url: http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05044.x
• Liu, Q.; Tromp, J. (2006), Finite-Frequency Kernels Based on Adjoint Methods, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 96 (6) , 2383-2397, doi: 10.1785/0120060041, url: http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/doi/10.1785/0120060041
• Morency, C.; Luo, Y.; Tromp, J. (2009), Finite-frequency kernels for wave propagation in porous media based upon adjoint methods, Geophysical Journal International, 179 (2) , 1148-1168, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04332.x, url: http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04332.x

If you use attenuation, you may be interested in citing one or more of the following:

• Savage, B.; Komatitsch, D.; Tromp, J. (2010), Effects of 3D Attenuation on Seismic Wave Amplitude and Phase Measurements, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100 (3) , 1241-1251, doi: 10.1785/0120090263, url: http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/doi/10.1785/0120090263
• Komatitsch, D.; Tromp, J. (2002), Spectral-element simulations of global seismic wave propagation-I. Validation, Geophysical Journal International, 149 (2) , 390-412, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01653.x, url: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01653.x
• Komatitsch, D.; Tromp, J. (1999), Introduction to the spectral element method for three-dimensional seismic wave propagation, Geophysical Journal International, 139 (3) , 806-822, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-246x.1999.00967.x, url: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1046/j.1365-246x.1999.00967.x

If you are not using a regular release, that is you have cloned from master on the github repository, we recommend that you make the following changes to the citation reference:

• substitute the download year, YYYY, for 9999
• substitute the git short hash for the doi: git: GITHASH8
• append the download date: downloaded on DD MON YYYY

For previous versions, please substitute the appropriate version and year in the above.

Download references [.bib]